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Overparameterized neural networks can be highly accurate on average on an i.i.d. test set yet consistently fail on atypical groups of the data (e.g., by learning spurious correlations that hold on average but not in such groups).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Shiori Sagawa , Pang Wei Koh , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto , Percy Liang

We study distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems where the ambiguity set is defined using the Wasserstein metric. We show that this class of DRO problems can be reformulated as semi-infinite programs. We give an exchange method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-14 Fengqiao Luo , Sanjay Mehrotra

The effects of treatments are often heterogeneous, depending on the observable characteristics, and it is necessary to exploit such heterogeneity to devise individualized treatment rules (ITRs). Existing estimation methods of such ITRs…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-09 Daido Kido

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) attempts to learn a model that minimizes the local worst-case risk in the vicinity of the empirical data distribution defined by Wasserstein ball. While WDRO has received attention as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-23 Yongchan Kwon , Wonyoung Kim , Joong-Ho Won , Myunghee Cho Paik

Performativity means that the deployment of a predictive model incentivizes agents to strategically adapt their behavior, thereby inducing a model-dependent distribution shift. Practitioners often repeatedly retrain the model on data…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Siyi Wang , Zifan Wang , Karl H. Johansson

We consider statistical methods which invoke a min-max distributionally robust formulation to extract good out-of-sample performance in data-driven optimization and learning problems. Acknowledging the distributional uncertainty in learning…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Jose Blanchet , Karthyek Murthy , Viet Anh Nguyen

Robustness to adversarial attacks is an important concern due to the fragility of deep neural networks to small perturbations and has received an abundance of attention in recent years. Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO), a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-09 Hisham Husain

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO)-based robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) enables enhanced robustness against model uncertainties, such as steering vector mismatches and interference-plus-noise covariance matrix estimation errors.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Kiarash Hassas Irani , Sergiy A. Vorobyov , Yongwei Huang

Recent deep models for solving routing problems always assume a single distribution of nodes for training, which severely impairs their cross-distribution generalization ability. In this paper, we exploit group distributionally robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Yuan Jiang , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

We investigate a stochastic program with expected value constraints, addressing the problem in a general context through Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) approach using Wasserstein distances, where the ambiguity set depends on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Diego Fonseca , Mauricio Junca

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) can improve the robustness and fairness of learning methods. In this paper, we devise stochastic algorithms for a class of DRO problems including group DRO, subpopulation fairness, and empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Tasuku Soma , Khashayar Gatmiry , Sharut Gupta , Stefanie Jegelka

Distributionally robust stochastic optimization (DRSO) is an approach to optimization under uncertainty in which, instead of assuming that there is a known true underlying probability distribution, one hedges against a chosen set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Rui Gao , Anton J. Kleywegt

As the complexity of modern control systems increases, it becomes challenging to derive an accurate model of the uncertainty that affects their dynamics. Wasserstein Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) provides a powerful framework…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Riccardo Cescon , Andrea Martin , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

A central goal of machine learning is to learn robust representations that capture the causal relationship between inputs features and output labels. However, minimizing empirical risk over finite or biased datasets often results in models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Paul Michel , Graham Neubig

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) studies decision problems under uncertainty where the probability distribution governing the uncertain problem parameters is itself uncertain. A key component of any DRO model is its ambiguity set,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Daniel Kuhn , Soroosh Shafiee , Wolfram Wiesemann

We consider a residuals-based distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model, where the underlying uncertainty depends on both covariate information and our decisions. We adopt both parametric and nonparametric regression models to learn…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Qing Zhu , Xian Yu , Guzin Bayraksan

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks (AA). For an image recognition task, this means that a small perturbation of the original can result in the image being misclassified. Design of such attacks as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Xingjian Bai , Guangyi He , Yifan Jiang , Jan Obloj

Seeking to improve model generalization, we consider a new approach based on distributionally robust learning (DRL) that applies stochastic gradient descent to the outer minimization problem. Our algorithm efficiently estimates the gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-24 Soumyadip Ghosh , Mark Squillante

We consider a two-stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model with multimodal uncertainty, where both the mode probabilities and uncertainty distributions could be affected by the first-stage decisions. To address this setting,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Xian Yu , Beste Basciftci

To train machine learning models that are robust to distribution shifts in the data, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) has been proven very effective. However, the existing approaches to learning a distributionally robust model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Farzin Haddadpour , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Mehrdad Mahdavi , Amin Karbasi