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We introduce a novel framework for consolidating multi-turn adversarial ``jailbreak'' prompts into single-turn queries, significantly reducing the manual overhead required for adversarial testing of large language models (LLMs). While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Junwoo Ha , Hyunjun Kim , Sangyoon Yu , Haon Park , Ashkan Yousefpour , Yuna Park , Suhyun Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention for their remarkable capacity, alongside concerns about safety arising from their potential to produce harmful content. Red teaming aims to find prompts that could elicit harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Rui Li , Peiyi Wang , Jingyuan Ma , Di Zhang , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

We present a framework for optimizing prompts in vision-language models to elicit multimodal reasoning without model retraining. Using an evolutionary algorithm to guide prompt updates downstream of visual tasks, our approach improves upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Sid Bharthulwar , John Rho , Katrina Brown

Multi-turn interactions with language models (LMs) pose critical safety risks, as harmful intent can be strategically spread across exchanges. Yet, the vast majority of prior work has focused on single-turn safety, while adaptability and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Salman Rahman , Liwei Jiang , James Shiffer , Genglin Liu , Sheriff Issaka , Md Rizwan Parvez , Hamid Palangi , Kai-Wei Chang , Yejin Choi , Saadia Gabriel

As large language models (LLMs) grow in power and influence, ensuring their safety and preventing harmful output becomes critical. Automated red teaming serves as a tool to detect security vulnerabilities in LLMs without manual labor.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zhuo Li , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Fangming Liu , Min Zhang , Jing Li

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in safety-critical applications raises fundamental challenges in systematically evaluating robustness against adversarial behaviors. Existing red-teaming practices are largely manual…

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges when balancing multiple high-level objectives, such as generating coherent, relevant, and high-quality responses while maintaining efficient task adaptation across diverse tasks. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yupeng Chang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Competitive program generation aims to automatically produce correct and efficient solutions for programming-contest problems under strict time and memory constraints. Existing LLM-based approaches often fail to perform explicit algorithmic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Minnan Wei , Xiang Chen , Xiaoshuai Niu , Siyu Chen

Red teaming is critical for identifying vulnerabilities and building trust in current LLMs. However, current automated methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on brittle prompt templates or single-turn attacks, failing to capture the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Roman Belaire , Arunesh Sinha , Pradeep Varakantham

Instruction tuning as an effective technique aligns the outputs of large language models (LLMs) with human preference. But how to generate the seasonal multi-turn dialogues from raw documents for instruction tuning still requires further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xia Hou , Qifeng Li , Jian Yang , Tongliang Li , Linzheng Chai , Xianjie Wu , Hangyuan Ji , Zhoujun Li , Jixuan Nie , Jingbo Dun , Wenfeng Song

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has brought their safety vulnerabilities into sharp focus. However, existing red teaming methods are fundamentally constrained by an inherent linear exploration paradigm, confining them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chunxiao Li , Lijun Li , Jing Shao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet their outputs often suffer from misalignment with human preferences due to the inadequacy of weak supervision and a lack of fine-grained control. Training-time alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zhenyu Ding , Yuhao Wang , Tengyue Xiao , Haoying Wang , Caigui Jiang , Ning Ding

Despite the huge progress in myriad generation tasks, pretrained language models (LMs) such as GPT2 still tend to generate repetitive texts with maximization-based decoding algorithms for open-ended generation. We attribute their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jian Guan , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful responses. A growing body of work shows that contextual priming, where earlier turns covertly bias later replies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Rodríguez Béjar , Francisco J. Cortés-Delgado , S. Braghin , Jose L. Hernández-Ramos

Deep reinforcement learning has achieved impressive success in control tasks. However, its policies, represented as opaque neural networks, are often difficult for humans to understand, verify, and debug, which undermines trust and hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Qinglong Hu , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Fei Liu , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Language Model Models (LLMs) have improved dramatically in the past few years, increasing their adoption and the scope of their capabilities over time. A significant amount of work is dedicated to ``model alignment'', i.e., preventing LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Abhishek Singhania , Christophe Dupuy , Shivam Mangale , Amani Namboori

Large language model (LLM) has achieved promising performance in multilingual machine translation tasks through zero/few-shot prompts or prompt-tuning. However, due to the mixture of multilingual data during the pre-training of LLM, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaojie Dai , Xin Liu , Ping Luo , Yue Yu

Evolutionary prompt optimization has demonstrated effectiveness in refining prompts for LLMs. However, existing approaches lack robust operators and efficient evaluation mechanisms. In this work, we propose several key improvements to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Daniel Grießhaber , Maximilian Kimmich , Johannes Maucher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Contemporary large language model deployments typically employ uniform prompting strategies across diverse query types, applying verbose response patterns to both complex analytical tasks and straightforward factual questions. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Bharadwaj Yadavalli

Reasoning models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex problems by leveraging long chains of thought. However, this more deliberate reasoning comes with substantial computational overhead at inference time. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mario Iacobelli , Adrian Robert Minut , Tommaso Mencattini , Donato Crisostomi , Andrea Santilli , Iacopo Masi , Emanuele Rodolà
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