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Contextuality is a phenomenon at the heart of the quantum mechanical departure from classical behaviour, and has been recently identified as a resource in quantum computation. Experimental demonstration of contextuality is thus an important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Xiang Zhan , Eric G. Cavalcanti , Jian Li , Zhihao Bian , Yongsheng Zhang , Howard M. Wiseman , Peng Xue

The Kochen-Specker theorem rules out models of quantum theory wherein projective measurements are assigned outcomes deterministically and independently of context. This notion of noncontextuality is not applicable to experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-11 Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

We present a computational survey of Kochen-Specker (KS) uncolorability in three-dimensional Hilbert space across two-symbol coordinate alphabets $\mathcal{A} = \{0, \pm 1, \pm x\}$ drawn from quadratic, cyclotomic, and golden-ratio number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Michael Kernaghan

The Kochen-Specker no-go theorem established that hidden-variable theories in quantum mechanics necessarily admit contextuality. This theorem is formally stated in terms of the partial Boolean algebra structure of projectors on a Hilbert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Anuj Dawar , Nihil Shah

We examine the relationship between quantum contextuality (in both the standard Kochen-Specker sense and in the generalised sense proposed by Spekkens) and models of quantum theory in which the quantum state is maximally epistemic. We find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-03 M. S. Leifer , O. J. E. Maroney

The Kochen-Specker theorem shows the impossibility for a hidden variable theory to consistently assign values to certain (finite) sets of observables in a way that is non-contextual and consistent with quantum mechanics. If we require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-19 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Jonathan Conder , Karl Svozil

Every set (finite or infinite) of quantum vectors (states) satisfies generalized orthoarguesian equations ($n$OA). We consider two 3-dim Kochen-Specker (KS) sets of vectors and show how each of them should be represented by means of a Hasse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-06 Norman D. Megill , Mladen Pavicic

We present a search for small Kochen-Specker (KS) sets in dimension 3, specifically targeting extensions of the 13-ray Yu-Oh set, which has been proven to be the minimal witness to state-independent contextuality. To enable this search, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhengyu Li , Curtis Bright , Stefan Trandafir , Adán Cabello , Vijay Ganesh

A generalized Kochen-Specker theorem is proved. It is shown that there exist sets of $n$ projection operators, representing $n$ yes-no questions about a quantum system, such that none of the $2^n$ possible answers is compatible with sum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 Asher Peres

Employing five commuting sets of five-qubit observables, we propose specific 160-661 and 160-21 state proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem that are also proofs of Bell's theorem. A histogram of the 'Hilbert-Schmidt' distances between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-08 Michel Planat , Metod Saniga

One of the fundamental results in quantum foundations is the Kochen-Specker no-go theorem. For the quantum theory, the no-go theorem excludes the possibility of a class of hidden variable models where value attribution is context…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 Andris Ambainis , Manik Banik , Anubhav Chaturvedi , Dmitry Kravchenko , Ashutosh Rai

According to Pavi\v{c}i{\'c}, Kochen and Specker's 117-observable set is not a ``Kochen-Specker set''. By the same reason, in arXiv:2502.13787, Pavi\v{c}i{\'c} claims that 10 statements in our paper ``Optimal conversion of Kochen-Specker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Stefan Trandafir , Adán Cabello

The Kochen-Specker theorem, Bell inequalities, and several other tests that were designed to rule out hidden-variable theories, assume the existence of observables having infinitely sharp eigenvalues. A paradigmatic example is spin-1/2. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-03 F. De Zela

Contextuality is a key feature of quantum information that challenges classical intuitions, providing the basis for constructing explicit proofs of quantum advantage. While a number of evidences of quantum advantage are based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Boseong Kim , Samson Abramsky

The Kochen-Specker theorem has been discussed intensely ever since its original proof in 1967. It is one of the central no-go theorems of quantum theory, showing the non-existence of a certain kind of hidden states models. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-21 Andreas Doering

Classical realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured, while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with…

We show that, regardless of the dimension of the Hilbert space, there exists no set of rays revealing state-independent contextuality with less than 13 rays. This implies that the set proposed by Yu and Oh in dimension three [Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-12 Adán Cabello , Matthias Kleinmann , José R. Portillo

Most of the paradoxical, for the classical intuition, features of quantum theory were formulated for situations which involve a fixed number of particles. While one can now find a formulation of Bell's theorem for quantum fields, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Konrad Schlichtholz , Antonio Mandarino , Marek Żukowski

We investigate small geometric configurations that furnish observable-based proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem. Assuming that each context consists of the same number of observables and each observable is shared by two contexts, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Frédéric Holweck , Metod Saniga

In [1] we proved a strengthened Kochen-Specker theorem in 3 dimensions: non-contextual hidden variable (NCHV) models cannot reproduce all the quantum correlations of two compatible observables, which is a minimal requirement imposed on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-26 Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh
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