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The Average Silhouette Width (ASW; Rousseeuw (1987)) is a popular cluster validation index to estimate the number of clusters. Here we address the question whether it also is suitable as a general objective function to be optimized for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-24 Fatima Batool , Christian Hennig

A unified clustering approach that can estimate number of clusters and produce clustering against this number simultaneously is proposed. Average silhouette width (ASW) is a widely used standard cluster quality index. A distance based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Fatima Batool

Silhouette coefficient is an established internal clustering evaluation measure that produces a score per data point, assessing the quality of its clustering assignment. To assess the quality of the clustering of the whole dataset, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 John Pavlopoulos , Georgios Vardakas , Aristidis Likas

Determining the number of clusters is a central challenge in unsupervised learning, where ground-truth labels are unavailable. The Silhouette coefficient is a widely used internal validation metric for this task, yet its standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Aggelos Semoglou , Aristidis Likas , John Pavlopoulos

An agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) framework and algorithm named HOSil based on a new linkage metric optimized by the average silhouette width (ASW) index is proposed. A conscientious investigation of various clustering methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-30 Fatima Batool

Selecting the number of communities is a fundamental challenge in network clustering. The silhouette score offers an intuitive, model-free criterion that balances within-cluster cohesion and between-cluster separation. Albeit its widespread…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zongyue Teng , Jun Yan , Dandan Liu , Panpan Zhang

The most widely used internal measure for clustering evaluation is the silhouette coefficient, whose naive computation requires a quadratic number of distance calculations, which is clearly unfeasible for massive datasets. Surprisingly,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Federico Altieri , Andrea Pietracaprina , Geppino Pucci , Fabio Vandin

Unsupervised learning has gained prominence in the big data era, offering a means to extract valuable insights from unlabeled datasets. Deep clustering has emerged as an important unsupervised category, aiming to exploit the non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Georgios Vardakas , Ioannis Papakostas , Aristidis Likas

Linkage methods are among the most popular algorithms for hierarchical clustering. Despite their relevance the current knowledge regarding the quality of the clustering produced by these methods is limited. Here, we improve the currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Eduardo Laber

A new clustering accuracy measure is proposed to determine the unknown number of clusters and to assess the quality of clustering of a data set given in any dimensional space. Our validity index applies the classical nonparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-15 Soumita Modak

Internal cluster validity measures (such as the Calinski-Harabasz, Dunn, or Davies-Bouldin indices) are frequently used for selecting the appropriate number of partitions a dataset should be split into. In this paper we consider what…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-31 Marek Gagolewski , Maciej Bartoszuk , Anna Cena

A prominent parameter in the context of network analysis, originally proposed by Watts and Strogatz (Collective dynamics of `small-world' networks, Nature 393 (1998) 440-442), is the clustering coefficient of a graph $G$. It is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Michael Gentner , Irene Heinrich , Simon Jäger , Dieter Rautenbach

Clustering is a critical component of decision-making in todays data-driven environments. It has been widely used in a variety of fields such as bioinformatics, social network analysis, and image processing. However, clustering accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Krishnendu Das , Sumit Gupta , Awadhesh Kumar

Usual formulations of the clustering coefficient can be shown to be insufficient in the task of describing the local topology of very simple networks. Motivated by this, we review some alternatives in order to present an extension, the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexandre H. Abdo , A. P. S. de Moura

Weights and directionality of the edges carry a large part of the information we can extract from a complex network. However, many network measures were formulated initially for undirected binary networks. The necessity to incorporate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Tanguy Fardet , Anna Levina

The evaluation of clustering results is difficult, highly dependent on the evaluated data set and the perspective of the beholder. There are many different clustering quality measures, which try to provide a general measure to validate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Lars Lenssen , Erich Schubert

Heterogeneous data, which encompass both numerical financial variables and textual records, present substantial challenges for credit monitoring. To address this issue, we propose Advanced Spectral Clustering (ASC), a method that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lu Han , Mengyan Li , Jiping Qiang , Zhi Su

We explore the cosmological implications of the clustering wedges, xi_perp(s) and xi_para(s), of the CMASS Data Release 9 (DR9) sample of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). These clustering wedges are defined by averaging…

Clustering ensemble, or consensus clustering, has emerged as a powerful tool for improving both the robustness and the stability of results from individual clustering methods. Weighted clustering ensemble arises naturally from clustering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Mimi Zhang

Clustering methods seek to partition data such that elements are more similar to elements in the same cluster than to elements in different clusters. The main challenge in this task is the lack of a unified definition of a cluster,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-06 Franz Besold , Vladimir Spokoiny
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