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Many existing approaches for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) focus on adapting under only data distribution shift and offer limited success under additional cross-domain label distribution shift. Recent work based on self-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Viraj Prabhu , Shivam Khare , Deeksha Kartik , Judy Hoffman

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model performance when the model encounters domain changes after deployment. The standard TTA mainly considers the case where the target domain is static, while the continual TTA needs to undergo a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xinru Meng , Han Sun , Jiamei Liu , Ningzhong Liu , Huiyu Zhou

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to distribution shifts using only unlabeled test data. While promising, existing methods like Tent suffer from instability and can catastrophically forget the source knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhichen Zeng , Wenxuan Bao , Xiao Lin , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yuchen Yan , Chen Luo , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Hyperspectral imaging enables fine-grained recognition of materials by capturing rich spectral signatures, but learning robust classifiers is challenging due to high dimensionality, spectral redundancy, limited labeled data, and strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Alexander Musiat , Nikolas Ebert , Oliver Wasenmüller

Semi-supervised domain adaptation methods leverage information from a source labelled domain with the goal of generalizing over a scarcely labelled target domain. While this setting already poses challenges due to potential distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Cassio F. Dantas , Raffaele Gaetano , Dino Ienco

Acoustic foundation models, fine-tuned for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), suffer from performance degradation in wild acoustic test settings when deployed in real-world scenarios. Stabilizing online Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) under…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Hongfu Liu , Hengguan Huang , Ye Wang

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud semantic segmentation is a fundamental task for large-scale 3D scene understanding. Fixed models deployed in real-world scenarios often suffer from performance degradation due to continuous domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yuan Gao , Shaobo Xia , Sheng Nie , Cheng Wang , Xiaohuan Xi , Bisheng Yang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims at adapting a model pre-trained on the labeled source domain to the unlabeled target domain. Existing methods usually focus on improving TTA performance under covariate shifts, while neglecting semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zhengqing Gao , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

This paper investigates test-time adaptation (TTA) for regression, where a regression model pre-trained in a source domain is adapted to an unknown target distribution with unlabeled target data. Although regression is one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoki Hamagami

Deploying deep models in real-world scenarios remains challenging due to significant performance drops under distribution shifts between training and deployment environments. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zixian Su , Jingwei Guo , Xi Yang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve the performance of source-domain pre-trained models on previously unseen, shifted target domains. Traditional TTA methods primarily adapt model weights based on target data streams, making model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiayi Guo , Junhao Zhao , Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Chunjiang Ge , Zanlin Ni , Shiji Song , Humphrey Shi , Gao Huang

Test-time adaptation allows pretrained models to adjust to incoming data streams, addressing distribution shifts between source and target domains. However, standard methods rely on single-dimensional linear classification layers, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Sameer Ambekar , Marta Hasny , Laura Daza , Daniel M. Lang , Julia A. Schnabel

Deep neural networks often exhibit poor performance on data that is unlikely under the train-time data distribution, for instance data affected by corruptions. Previous works demonstrate that test-time adaptation to data shift, for instance…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables neural forecasters to adapt to distribution shifts in streaming time series, but existing methods apply the same adaptation intensity regardless of the nature of the shift. We propose Regime-Guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Indar Kumar , Akanksha Tiwari , Sai Krishna Jasti , Ankit Hemant Lade

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP enable strong zero-shot recognition but suffer substantial degradation under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to improve robustness using only unlabeled test samples, yet most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sanggeon Yun , Ryozo Masukawa , SungHeon Jeong , Wenjun Huang , Hanning Chen , Mohsen Imani

Label information plays an important role in supervised hyperspectral image classification problem. However, current classification methods all ignore an important and inevitable problem---labels may be corrupted and collecting clean labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Junjun Jiang , Jiayi Ma , Zheng Wang , Chen Chen , Xianming Liu

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising approach for tackling the robustness challenge under distribution shifts. However, the lack of consistent settings and systematic studies in prior literature hinders thorough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hao Zhao , Yuejiang Liu , Alexandre Alahi , Tao Lin

Standard Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods typically treat inference as a blind optimization task, applying generic objectives to all or filtered test samples. In safety-critical medical segmentation, this lack of selectivity often causes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kartik Jhawar , Lipo Wang