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Iterative retrieval refers to the process in which the model continuously queries the retriever during generation to enhance the relevance of the retrieved knowledge, thereby improving the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tian Yu , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates external knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), has proven effective in enabling LLMs to produce more accurate and reliable responses. However, it remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yan Weng , Fengbin Zhu , Tong Ye , Haoyan Liu , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

Estimating individualized treatment rules (ITRs) is fundamental to precision medicine, where the goal is to tailor treatment decisions to individual patient characteristics. While numerous methods have been developed for ITR estimation,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-15 Eun Jeong Oh , Min Qian

Medical systematic reviews can be very costly and resource intensive. We explore how Large Language Models (LLMs) can support and be trained to perform literature screening when provided with a detailed set of selection criteria.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ambrose Robinson , William Thorne , Ben P. Wu , Abdullah Pandor , Munira Essat , Mark Stevenson , Xingyi Song

There is growing interest in using machine learning (ML) to support clinical diagnosis, but most approaches rely on static, fully observed datasets and fail to reflect the sequential, resource-aware reasoning clinicians use in practice.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Silas Ruhrberg Estévez , Nicolás Astorga , Mihaela van der Schaar

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences usually requires fine-tuning methods such as RLHF and DPO. These methods directly optimize the model parameters, so they cannot be used in test-time to improve model performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Xinnan Zhang , Chenliang Li , Siliang Zeng , Jiaxiang Li , Zhongruo Wang , Kaixiang Lin , Songtao Lu , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in the biomedical domain with the advancement of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, existing retrieval-augmented approaches face challenges in addressing diverse queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Minda Hu , Licheng Zong , Hongru Wang , Jingyan Zhou , Jingjing Li , Yichen Gao , Kam-Fai Wong , Yu Li , Irwin King

We introduce SIRI, Scaling Iterative Reinforcement Learning with Interleaved Compression, a simple yet effective RL approach for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that enables more efficient and accurate reasoning. Existing studies have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoming Wen , Yushi Bai , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by their substantial computational and memory demands. While structured pruning presents a viable approach by eliminating entire network components, existing methods suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hanyu Hu , Xiaoming Yuan

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare creates an urgent need for scalable and psychometrically sound evaluation methods. Conventional static benchmarks are costly to administer repeatedly, vulnerable to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Tianpeng Zheng , Zhehan Jiang , Jiayi Liu , Shicong Feng

In contemporary radiotherapy planning (RTP), a key module leaf sequencing is predominantly addressed by optimization-based approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model termed as Reinforced Leaf…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Riqiang Gao , Florin C. Ghesu , Simon Arberet , Shahab Basiri , Esa Kuusela , Martin Kraus , Dorin Comaniciu , Ali Kamen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Traditional base station siting (BSS) methods rely heavily on drive testing and user feedback, which are laborious and require extensive expertise in communication, networking, and optimization. As large language models (LLMs) and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yanhu Wang , Muhammad Muzammil Afzal , Zhengyang Li , Jie Zhou , Chenyuan Feng , Shuaishuai Guo , Tony Q. S. Quek

Large language model (LLM) based task plans and corresponding human demonstrations for embodied AI may be noisy, with unnecessary actions, redundant navigation, and logical errors that reduce policy quality. We propose an iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ananth Hariharan , Vardhan Dongre , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Accurate risk assessment in lung cancer screening is critical for enabling early cancer detection and minimizing unnecessary invasive procedures. The Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) has been widely used as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chuang Niu , Ge Wang

Patient matching is the process of linking patients to appropriate clinical trials by accurately identifying and matching their medical records with trial eligibility criteria. We propose LLM-Match, a novel framework for patient matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaodi Li , Shaika Chowdhury , Chung Il Wi , Maria Vassilaki , Xiaoke Liu , Terence T Sio , Owen Garrick , Young J Juhn , James R Cerhan , Cui Tao , Nansu Zong

One of the primary goals of statistical precision medicine is to learn optimal individualized treatment rules (ITRs). The classification-based, or machine learning-based, approach to estimating optimal ITRs was first introduced in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Sophia Yazzourh , Nikki L. B. Freeman

Efficient and sustainable crop production process management is crucial to meet the growing global demand for food, fuel, and feed while minimizing environmental impacts. Traditional crop management practices, often developed through…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Dong Chen , Yanbo Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capability in numerous tasks and applications. However, fine-tuning LLMs using high-quality datasets under external supervision remains prohibitively expensive. In response, LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chunyang Jiang , Chi-min Chan , Wei Xue , Qifeng Liu , Yike Guo

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths