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The ability to recognize objects despite there being differences in appearance, known as Core Object Recognition, forms a critical part of human perception. While it is understood that the brain accomplishes Core Object Recognition through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Harshvardhan Sikka

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) are a popular and powerful deep generative model. Previous works on VAEs have assumed a factorized likelihood model, whereby the output uncertainty of each pixel is assumed to be independent. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Gara Dorta , Sara Vicente , Lourdes Agapito , Neill D. F. Campbell , Ivor Simpson

Near-field optical microscopy can be used as a viable route to understand the nanoscale material properties below the diffraction limit. On the other hand, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are the…

The local variation in inter-atomic distances, or local lattice strain often influences significantly material properties of nanoparticles. Strain measurement with ~1% precision is provided by recent atomic-resolution electron microscopy.…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-07-09 Kohei Aso , Jens Maebe , Xuan Quy Tran , Tomokazu Yamamoto , Yoshifumi Oshima , Syo Matsumura

A major challenge in the field of nanosciences is the assembly of anisotropic nano objects into aligned structures. The way the objects are aligned determines the physical properties of the final material. In this work, we take a closer…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-04-19 Ulla Vainio

Artificial Intelligence & Nanotechnology are promising areas for the future of humanity. While Deep Learning based Computer Vision has found applications in many fields from medicine to automotive, its application in nanotechnology can open…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Rajagopal A , Nirmala V , Andrew J , Arun Muthuraj Vedamanickam.

Recent advances in imaging from celestial objects in astronomy visualized via optical and radio telescopes to atoms and molecules resolved via electron and probe microscopes are generating immense volumes of imaging data, containing…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-04-22 Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei Kalinin

This tutorial focuses on the fundamental architectures of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), disregarding their numerous variations, to highlight their core principles. Both VAE and GAN utilize simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yuan-Hao Wei

Deep learning techniques have been shown to be extremely effective for various classification and regression problems, but quantifying the uncertainty of their predictions and separating them into the epistemic and aleatoric fractions is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Augustin Prado , Ravinath Kausik , Lalitha Venkataramanan

Our visual perception of our surroundings is ultimately limited by the diffraction limit, which stipulates that optical information smaller than roughly half the illumination wavelength is not retrievable. Over the past decades, many…

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by neural networks as well as Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), including physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), physics-informed KANs (PIKANs), and neural operators, are known to exhibit…

The ability to extract generative parameters from high-dimensional fields of data in an unsupervised manner is a highly desirable yet unrealized goal in computational physics. This work explores the use of variational autoencoders (VAEs)…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Christian Jacobsen , Karthik Duraisamy

Despite the advances provided by large-scale photometric surveys, stellar features - such as metallicity - generally remain limited to spectroscopic observations often of bright, nearby low-extinction stars. To rectify this, we present a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-19 Connor P. Fallows , Jason L. Sanders

Atomic-scale magnetic nanostructures are promising candidates for future information processing devices. Utilizing external electric field to manipulate their magnetic properties is an especially thrilling project. Here, by careful…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-08-18 Wanjiao Zhu , Hang-Chen Ding , Wen-Yi Tong , Shi-Jing Gong , Xiangang Wan , Chun-Gang Duan

High-dimensional datasets often exhibit low-dimensional geometric structures, as suggested by the manifold hypothesis, which implies that data lie on a smooth manifold embedded in a higher-dimensional ambient space. While this insight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Paola Causin , Alessio Marta

We view variational autoencoders (VAE) as decoder-encoder pairs, which map distributions in the data space to distributions in the latent space and vice versa. The standard learning approach for VAEs is the maximisation of the evidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Boris Flach , Dmitrij Schlesinger , Alexander Shekhovtsov

Classical methods for model order selection often fail in scenarios with low SNR or few snapshots. Deep learning-based methods are promising alternatives for such challenging situations as they compensate lack of information in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-07 Michael Baur , Franz Weißer , Benedikt Böck , Wolfgang Utschick

Generative thermal design for complex geometries is fundamental in many areas of engineering, yet it faces two main challenges: the high computational cost of high-fidelity simulations and the limitations of conventional generative models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Alicia Tierz , Jad Mounayer , Beatriz Moya , Francisco Chinesta

Accurate subsurface scattering solutions require the integration of optical material properties along many complicated light paths. We present a method that learns a simple geometric approximation of random paths in a homogeneous volume of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Ludwig Leonard , Kevin Hoehlein , Ruediger Westermann

Variational autoencoders (VAE) encode data into lower-dimensional latent vectors before decoding those vectors back to data. Once trained, one can hope to detect out-of-distribution (abnormal) latent vectors, but several issues arise when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alejandro Ascarate , Leo Lebrat , Rodrigo Santa Cruz , Clinton Fookes , Olivier Salvado