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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Fine-grained multimodal capability in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has emerged as a critical research direction, particularly for tackling the visual grounding (VG) problem. Despite the strong performance achieved by existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Weitai Kang , Weiming Zhuang , Zhizhong Li , Yan Yan , Lingjuan Lyu

Recent advances in multimodal training have significantly improved the integration of image understanding and generation within a unified model. This study investigates how vision-language models (VLMs) handle image-understanding tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alessandro Pietro Serra , Francesco Ortu , Emanuele Panizon , Lucrezia Valeriani , Lorenzo Basile , Alessio Ansuini , Diego Doimo , Alberto Cazzaniga

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced the integration of visual and linguistic modalities, establishing themselves as the dominant paradigm for visual-language tasks. Current approaches like chain of thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haojie Zheng , Tianyang Xu , Hanchi Sun , Shu Pu , Ruoxi Chen , Lichao Sun

Multimodal reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) struggles with incomplete knowledge and hallucination artifacts, challenges that textual Knowledge Graphs (KGs) only partially mitigate due to their modality isolation. While Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Junming Liu , Siyuan Meng , Yanting Gao , Song Mao , Pinlong Cai , Guohang Yan , Yirong Chen , Zilin Bian , Ding Wang , Botian Shi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are experiencing rapid growth, yielding a plethora of noteworthy contributions in recent months. The prevailing trend involves adopting data-driven methodologies, wherein diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xin He , Longhui Wei , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

Recently, there has been a surge in the popularity of pre trained large language models (LLMs) (such as GPT-4), sweeping across the entire Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) communities. These LLMs have demonstrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Shuxiao Ma , Linyuan Wang , Senbao Hou , Bin Yan

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

Recent advances in visual-language machine learning models have demonstrated exceptional ability to use natural language and understand visual scenes by training on large, unstructured datasets. However, this training paradigm cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Anthony C Davis , Burhan Sadiq , Tianmin Shu , Chien-Ming Huang

In this paper, we investigate the problem of how to effectively master tool-use to solve complex visual reasoning tasks for Multimodal Large Language Models. To achieve that, we propose a novel Tool-supervised Reinforcement Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qihua Dong , Gozde Sahin , Pei Wang , Zhaowei Cai , Robik Shrestha , Hao Yang , Davide Modolo

Modular vision-language models (Vision-LLMs) align pretrained image encoders with (frozen) large language models (LLMs) and post-hoc condition LLMs to `understand' the image input. With the abundance of readily available high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Gregor Geigle , Abhay Jain , Radu Timofte , Goran Glavaš

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

Multi-image reasoning and grounding require understanding complex cross-image relationships at both object levels and image levels. Current Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) face two critical challenges: the lack of cross-image reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lihao Zheng , Jiawei Chen , Xintian Shen , Hao Ma , Tao Wei

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable abilities by integrating large language models with visual inputs. However, they often fail to utilize visual evidence adequately, either depending on linguistic priors in vision-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaojun Guo , Runyu Zhou , Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Chenheng Zhang , Stefanie Jegelka , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Yisen Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) classification performance depends critically on evaluation protocol and ground truth quality. Studies comparing MLLMs with supervised and vision-language models report conflicting conclusions, and we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Kisel , Illia Volkov , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

Existing image-text modality alignment in Vision Language Models (VLMs) treats each text token equally in an autoregressive manner. Despite being simple and effective, this method results in sub-optimal cross-modal alignment by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xin Xiao , Bohong Wu , Jiacong Wang , Chunyuan Li , Xun Zhou , Haoyuan Guo

By combining natural language understanding, generation capabilities, and breadth of knowledge of large language models with image perception, recent large vision language models (LVLMs) have shown unprecedented visual reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Siming Yan , Min Bai , Weifeng Chen , Xiong Zhou , Qixing Huang , Li Erran Li

Recent advancements have enhanced the capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to comprehend multi-image information. However, existing benchmarks primarily evaluate answer correctness, overlooking whether models genuinely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pengfei Wang , Guohai Xu , Weinong Wang , Junjie Yang , Jie Lou , Yunhua Xue

Large vision-language models (VLMs) often rely on familiar semantic priors, but existing evaluations do not cleanly separate perception failures from rule-mapping failures. We study this behavior as semantic fixation: preserving a default…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Md Tanvirul Alam
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