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Many text mining models are constructed by fine-tuning a large deep pre-trained language model (PLM) in downstream tasks. However, a significant challenge nowadays is maintaining performance when we use a lightweight model with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Weifeng Jiang , Qianren Mao , Chenghua Lin , Jianxin Li , Ting Deng , Weiyi Yang , Zheng Wang

Recent work on distilling Whisper's knowledge into small models using pseudo-labels shows promising performance while reducing the size by up to 50%. This results in small, efficient, and dedicated models. However, a critical step of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Abdul Waheed , Karima Kadaoui , Bhiksha Raj , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Recently, multi-modal content generation has attracted lots of attention from researchers by investigating the utilization of visual instruction tuning based on large language models (LLMs). To enhance the performance and generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Xinwei Li , Li Lin , Shuai Wang , Chen Qian

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

This work investigates distillation methods for large language models (LLMs) with the goal of developing compact models that preserve high performance. Several existing approaches are reviewed, with a discussion of their respective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Grigory Kovalev , Mikhail Tikhomirov

We study semi-supervised sequence generation tasks, where the few labeled examples are too scarce to finetune a model, and meanwhile, few-shot prompted large language models (LLMs) exhibit room for improvement. In this paper, we present the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jiachen Zhao , Wenlong Zhao , Andrew Drozdov , Benjamin Rozonoyer , Md Arafat Sultan , Jay-Yoon Lee , Mohit Iyyer , Andrew McCallum

We introduce LADDER (Learning through Autonomous Difficulty-Driven Example Recursion), a framework which enables Large Language Models to autonomously improve their problem-solving capabilities through self-guided learning by recursively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Toby Simonds , Akira Yoshiyama

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a fundamental technique for compressing large language models (LLMs) into compact, efficient student models. However, existing white-box KD methods mainly focus on balancing ground truth and student-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Recent research has explored distilling knowledge from large language models (LLMs) to optimize retriever models, especially within the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework. However, most existing training methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

Large Language Model agents excel at solving complex tasks through iterative reasoning and tool use, but typically depend on ultra-large, costly backbones. Existing distillation approaches train smaller students to imitate full teacher…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuanjie Lyu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Tong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted to proprietary and domain-specific corpora that contain sensitive information, creating a tension between formal privacy guarantees and efficient deployment through model compression.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Fatemeh Khadem , Sajad Mousavi , Yi Fang , Yuhong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks, and distilling their reasoning capabilities into smaller models has shown promise. However, we uncover an interesting phenomenon, which we term the Small Model Learnability Gap:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuetai Li , Xiang Yue , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

State-of-the-art frameworks in self-supervised learning have recently shown that fully utilizing transformer-based models can lead to performance boost compared to conventional CNN models. Striving to maximize the mutual information of two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jiho Jang , Seonhoon Kim , Kiyoon Yoo , Chaerin Kong , Jangho Kim , Nojun Kwak

Large language models (LLMs) open up new horizons for sequential recommendations, owing to their remarkable language comprehension and generation capabilities. However, there are still numerous challenges that should be addressed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuling Wang , Changxin Tian , Binbin Hu , Yanhua Yu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Liang Pang , Xiao Wang

The increasing reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors highlights the need for robust domain-specific and language-specific evaluation datasets; however, the collection of such datasets is challenging due to privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Alessio Sordo , Lingxiao Du , Meeka-Hanna Lenisa , Evgeny Bogdanov , Maxim Romanovsky

Code understanding and generation have fast become some of the most popular applications of language models (LMs). Nonetheless, research on multilingual aspects of Code-LMs (i.e., LMs for code generation) such as cross-lingual transfer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Indraneil Paul , Goran Glavaš , Iryna Gurevych

Distilling the thinking traces of a Large Language Model (LLM) with reasoning capabilities into a smaller model has been proven effective. Yet, there is a scarcity of work done on how model performances scale with the quantity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Muyu He , Muhammad Ali Shafique , Anand Kumar , Tsach Mackey , Nazneen Rajani

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

Recent work shows that post-training datasets for LLMs can be substantially downsampled without noticeably deteriorating performance. However, data selection often incurs high computational costs or is limited to narrow domains. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Paramita Mirza , Lucas Weber , Fabian Küch

The recent surge in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has showcased their remarkable potential for achieving generalized intelligence by integrating visual understanding into Large Language Models.Nevertheless, the sheer model size…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shilin Xu , Xiangtai Li , Haobo Yuan , Lu Qi , Yunhai Tong , Ming-Hsuan Yang