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Related papers: Factuality Beyond Coherence: Evaluating LLM Waterm…

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Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

Reasoning Large Language Models (RLLMs) excelling in complex tasks present unique challenges for digital watermarking, as existing methods often disrupt logical coherence or incur high computational costs. Token-based watermarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shuliang Liu , Xingyu Li , Hongyi Liu , Dong Fang , Yibo Yan , Bingchen Duan , Qi Zheng , Lingfeng Su , Xuming Hu

FActScore has gained popularity as a metric to estimate the factuality of long-form texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) in English. However, there has not been any work in studying the behavior of FActScore in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Kim Trong Vu , Michael Krumdick , Varshini Reddy , Franck Dernoncourt , Viet Dac Lai

Counterfactual (CF) explanations for ML model predictions provide actionable recourse recommendations to individuals adversely impacted by predicted outcomes. However, despite being preferred by end-users, CF explanations have been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hangzhi Guo , Firdaus Ahmed Choudhury , Tinghua Chen , Amulya Yadav

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced interactions between users and models. These advancements concurrently underscore the need for rigorous safety evaluations due to the manifestation of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Dahyun Jung , Seungyoon Lee , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

The summarization capabilities of pretrained and large language models (LLMs) have been widely validated in general areas, but their use in scientific corpus, which involves complex sentences and specialized knowledge, has been less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Xiuying Chen , Tairan Wang , Qingqing Zhu , Taicheng Guo , Shen Gao , Zhiyong Lu , Xin Gao , Xiangliang Zhang

In high-stakes domains like medicine, it may be generally desirable for models to faithfully adhere to the context provided. But what happens if the context does not align with model priors or safety protocols? In this paper, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kaijie Mo , Siddhartha Venkatayogi , Chantal Shaib , Ramez Kouzy , Wei Xu , Byron C. Wallace , Junyi Jessy Li

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text, making watermarking a promising solution. Mainstream watermarking schemes for LLMs fall into two categories: logits-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Binxing Fang

Unlike nature image classification where groundtruth label is explicit and of no doubt, physicians commonly interpret medical image conditioned on certainty like using phrase "probable" or "likely". Existing medical image datasets either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kunyu Zhang , Fukang Ge , Binyang Wang , Yingke Chen , Kazuma Kobayashi , Lin Gu , Jinhao Bi , Yingying Zhu

Large language models generate high-quality responses with potential misinformation, underscoring the need for regulation by distinguishing AI-generated and human-written texts. Watermarking is pivotal in this context, which involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mingjia Huo , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Youwei Liang , Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar , Pengtao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to medicine, yet their adoption is limited by concerns over reliability and safety. Existing evaluations either test factual medical knowledge in isolation or assess patient-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhan Qu , Michael Färber

We examine evaluation of faithfulness to input data in the context of hotel highlights: brief LLM-generated summaries that capture unique features of accommodations. Through human evaluation campaigns involving categorical error assessment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Patrícia Schmidtová , Ondřej Dušek , Saad Mahamood

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in generating content raises concerns about text copyright. Watermarking methods, particularly logit-based approaches, embed imperceptible identifiers into text to address these challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yiyang Luo , Ke Lin , Chao Gu , Jiahui Hou , Lijie Wen , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, where sensitivity to linguistic uncertainty can influence diagnostic interpretation and decision-making. Yet little is known about where such epistemic cues are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Srivarshinee Sridhar , Raghav Kaushik Ravi , Kripabandhu Ghosh

Recently, a significant amount of interest has been developed in motivating physicians to use e-health technology (especially Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems). An important utility of such EMR systems is: a next generation of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Muhammad Kamran , Muddassar Farooq

Benchmark contamination poses a significant challenge to the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluations, as it is difficult to assert whether a model has been trained on a test set. We introduce a solution to this problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tom Sander , Pierre Fernandez , Saeed Mahloujifar , Alain Durmus , Chuan Guo

The advent of foundation models (FMs) such as large language models (LLMs) has led to a cultural shift in data science, both in medicine and beyond. This shift involves moving away from specialized predictive models trained for specific,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ahmed Alaa , Bin Yu

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Claude 3.5, underscores the need to distinguish LLM-generated text from human-written content to mitigate the spread of misinformation and misuse in education. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-11 Xingchi Li , Xiaochi Liu , Guanxun Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across various tasks. However, their autoregressive decoding process poses significant challenges for efficient deployment on existing AI hardware. Quantization alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Zhiqiang Que , Wayne Luk , Hongxiang Fan

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various domains, concerns regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs in safety-critical scenarios have been raised, due to their unpredictable tendency to hallucinate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen