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Understanding complex multimodal documents remains challenging due to their structural inconsistencies and limited training data availability. We introduce \textit{DocsRay}, a training-free document understanding system that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Hyeon Seong Jeong , Sangwoo Jo , Byeong Hyun Yoon , Yoonseok Heo , Haedong Jeong , Taehoon Kim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a core paradigm in document question answering tasks. However, existing methods have limitations when dealing with multimodal documents: one category of methods relies on layout analysis and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Wang Chen , Wenhan Yu , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine the strengths of language generation and information retrieval to power many real-world applications like chatbots. Use of RAG for understanding of videos is appealing but there are two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Md Adnan Arefeen , Biplob Debnath , Md Yusuf Sarwar Uddin , Srimat Chakradhar

Multimodal document question answering requires retrieving dispersed evidence from visually rich long documents and performing reliable reasoning over heterogeneous information. Existing multimodal RAG systems remain limited by two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiashu Yang , Chi Zhang , Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xu Jia , Xunliang Cai

Understanding information from visually rich documents remains a significant challenge for traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods. Existing benchmarks predominantly focus on image-based question answering (QA), overlooking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Zehui Chen , Weiqi Wu , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Feng Zhao

We introduce VoxRAG, a modular speech-to-speech retrieval-augmented generation system that bypasses transcription to retrieve semantically relevant audio segments directly from spoken queries. VoxRAG employs silence-aware segmentation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zackary Rackauckas , Julia Hirschberg

Most existing end-to-end Table Question Answering (Table QA) models consist of a two-stage framework with a retriever to select relevant table candidates from a corpus and a reader to locate the correct answers from table candidates. Even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Feifei Pan , Mustafa Canim , Michael Glass , Alfio Gliozzo , James Hendler

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for question answering typically retrieve evidence by semantic similarity between the query and document chunks. While effective for unstructured text, this approach is less reliable on…

The growing demand for efficient and lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems has highlighted significant challenges when deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) in existing RAG frameworks. Current approaches face severe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianyu Fan , Jingyuan Wang , Xubin Ren , Chao Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Current hybrid RAG system retrieves evidence from both knowledge graphs (KGs) and text documents to support LLM reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve optimal utility when their responses are grounded in external knowledge sources. However, real-world documents, such as annual reports, scientific papers, and clinical guidelines, frequently combine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chi Zhang , Qiyang Chen , Mengqi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the quality and relevance of responses generated by large language models. While recent advancements have mainly focused on improving RAG for text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ainulla Khan , Yamada Moyuru , Srinidhi Akella

Ontologies are pivotal for structuring knowledge bases to enhance question answering (QA) systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). However, traditional ontology creation relies on manual efforts by domain experts, a process that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yash Tiwari , Owais Ahmad Lone , Mayukha Pal

While language Models store a massive amount of world knowledge implicitly in their parameters, even very large models often fail to encode information about rare entities and events, while incurring huge computational costs. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Wenhu Chen , Hexiang Hu , Xi Chen , Pat Verga , William W. Cohen

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the capabilities of large language models. However, existing RAG evaluation predominantly focuses on text retrieval and relies on opaque, end-to-end…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chuan Xu , Qiaosheng Chen , Yutong Feng , Gong Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang