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In many applications of vehicle routing, a set of time windows are feasible for each visit, giving rise to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Time Windows (VRPMTW). We argue that such disjunctions are problematic for many solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Rune Larsen , Dario Pacino

Freight truck electrification for last-mile delivery is one of the most important research topics to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel operations. Although a battery electric truck still has limitations on daily operations with lower…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-02 Hyun-Seop Uhm , Abdelrahman Ismael , Natalia Zuniga-Garcia , Olcay Sahin , James Cook , Joshua Auld , Monique Stinson

The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for service and goods distribution operations has led to the emergence of Electric Vehicle Routing Problems (EVRPs), a class of vehicle routing problems addressing the unique challenges…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Andrea Spinelli , Dario Bezzi , Ola Jabali , Francesca Maggioni

Driven by growing concerns over air quality and energy security, electric vehicles (EVs) has experienced rapid development and are reshaping global transportation systems and lifestyle patterns. Compared to traditional gasoline-powered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Hai Wang , Baoshen Guo , Xiaolei Zhou , Shuai Wang , Zhiqing Hong , Tian He

This paper investigates the fee scheduling problem of electric vehicles (EVs) at the micro-grid scale. This problem contains a set of charging stations controlled by a central aggregator. One of the main stakeholders is the operator of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-25 Hwei-Ming Chung , Wen-Tai Li , Chau Yuen , Chao-Kai Wen , Noel Crespi

We are in the midst of a semi-autonomous era in urban transportation in which varying forms of vehicle autonomy are gradually being introduced. This phase of partial autonomy is anticipated by some to span a few decades due to various…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Hins Hu , Samitha Samaranayake

As electric vehicles (EVs) become central to decarbonization efforts, the need for uninterrupted power supply in time-critical logistics, particularly in medical transportation, poses unique challenges for power systems integration.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Jingyi Zhao , Haoxiang Yang , Youxuan Pan , Yang Liu

This paper aims to introduce a mathematical model to solve the time-dependent electric vehicles routing problem in shared travels. Shared mobility has gained significance recently due to its contribution to the alleviation of traffic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Alireza Yazdiani , Shayan Bafandkar , Amir Elmi , Yousef Shafahi

Electrified shared mobility services need to handle charging infrastructure planning and manage their daily charging operations to minimize total charging operation time and cost. However, existing studies tend to address these problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Tai-Yu Ma , Simin Xie

This paper considers the scheduling of electric vehicles in a public transit system. Our main innovation is that we take into account that charging stations have limited capacity, while also considering partial charging. To solve the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Marelot de Vos , Rolf Nelson van Lieshout , Twan Dollevoet

One of the barriers to adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the anxiety around the limited driving range. Recent proposals have explored charging EVs on the move, using dynamic wireless charging which enables power exchange between the…

The growing need for sustainable logistics solutions has led to the evolution of vehicle routing problems (VRPs) into more complex variants that address modern challenges. Among these, the Two-Echelon Electric Vehicle Routing Problem…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mehmet Anıl Akbay , Christian Blum

This paper presents a parallel memetic algorithm for solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). The VRPTW is a well-known NP-hard discrete optimization problem with two objectives. The main objective is to minimize the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Jakub Nalepa , Zbigniew J. Czech

Operators who deploy large fleets of electric vehicles often face a challenging charge scheduling problem. Specifically, time-ineffective recharging operations limit the profitability of charging during service operations such that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Patrick Sean Klein , Maximilian Schiffer

The multi Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery with Time Windows is a challenging version of the Vehicle Routing Problem. In this paper, by embedding many complex assignment routing constraints through constructing a multi…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Monirehalsadat Mahmoudi , Junhua Chen , Xuesong Zhou

We study the strategic decision-making problem of assigning time windows to customers in the context of vehicle routing applications that are affected by operational uncertainty. This problem, known as the Time Window Assignment Vehicle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Anirudh Subramanyam , Akang Wang , Chrysanthos E. Gounaris

We study the problem of minimizing overall trip time for battery electric vehicles in road networks. As battery capacity is limited, stops at charging stations may be inevitable. Careful route planning is crucial, since charging stations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Moritz Baum , Julian Dibbelt , Andreas Gemsa , Dorothea Wagner , Tobias Zündorf

We study the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and stochastic travel times, in which the decision-maker observes related contextual information, represented as feature variables, before making routing decisions. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Breno Serrano , Alexandre M. Florio , Stefan Minner , Maximilian Schiffer , Thibaut Vidal

This paper studies charging scheduling problem of electric vehicles (EVs) in the scale of a microgrid (e.g., a university or town) where a set of charging stations are controlled by a central aggregator. A bi-objective optimization problem…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Hwei-Ming Chung , Bahram Alinia , Noel Crespi , Chao-Kai Wen

The method of fragments was recently proposed, and its effectiveness has been empirically shown for three specialised pickup and delivery problems. We propose an enhanced fragment algorithm that for the first time, effectively solves the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Lucas Sippel , Michael Forbes