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The fundamental goal of self-supervised learning (SSL) is to produce useful representations of data without access to any labels for classifying the data. Modern methods in SSL, which form representations based on known or constructed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Bobak T. Kiani , Randall Balestriero , Yubei Chen , Seth Lloyd , Yann LeCun

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently advanced through non-contrastive methods that couple an invariance term with variance, covariance, or redundancy-reduction penalties. While such objectives shape first- and second-order statistics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Benyamin Ghojogh , M. Hadi Sepanj , Paul Fieguth

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) surmises that inputs and pairwise positive relationships are enough to learn meaningful representations. Although SSL has recently reached a milestone: outperforming supervised methods in many modalities\dots…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun

Recent self-supervised methods for image representation learning are based on maximizing the agreement between embedding vectors from different views of the same image. A trivial solution is obtained when the encoder outputs constant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Adrien Bardes , Jean Ponce , Yann LeCun

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has had great success in both computer vision. Most of the current mainstream computer vision SSL frameworks are based on Siamese network architecture. These approaches often rely on cleverly crafted loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Daesoo Lee , Erlend Aune

Unsupervised and self-supervised representation learning has become popular in recent years for learning useful features from unlabelled data. Representation learning has been mostly developed in the neural network literature, and other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Pascal Esser , Maximilian Fleissner , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

We approach self-supervised learning of image representations from a statistical dependence perspective, proposing Self-Supervised Learning with the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (SSL-HSIC). SSL-HSIC maximizes dependence between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-06 Yazhe Li , Roman Pogodin , Danica J. Sutherland , Arthur Gretton

In recent years, self-supervised learning (SSL) frameworks have been extensively applied to sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in order to learn deep representations without data annotations. While SSL frameworks reach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Bulat Khaertdinov , Stylianos Asteriadis

Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization (VICReg) is a self-supervised learning (SSL) method that has shown promising results on a variety of tasks. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying VICReg remain unexplored. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Randall Balestriero , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tim G. J. Rudner , Yann LeCun

Motivated by the growing interest in representation learning approaches that uncover the latent structure of high-dimensional data, this work proposes new algorithms for reconstruction-based manifold learning within Reproducing-Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enrique Feito-Casares , Francisco M. Melgarejo-Meseguer , José-Luis Rojo-Álvarez

In this paper, we argue that viewing VICReg-a popular self-supervised learning (SSL) method--through the lens of spectral embedding reveals a potential source of sub-optimality: it may struggle to generalize robustly to unseen data due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Idan Simai , Ronen Talmon , Uri Shaham

Self-supervised learning has gained significant attention in contemporary applications, particularly due to the scarcity of labeled data. While existing SSL methodologies primarily address feature variance and linear correlations, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 M. Hadi Sepanj , Benyamin Ghojogh , Paul Fieguth

One of the latest self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, VICReg, showed a great performance both in the linear evaluation and the fine-tuning evaluation. However, VICReg is proposed in computer vision and it learns by pulling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Daesoo Lee , Erlend Aune , Nadège Langet , Jo Eidsvik

In this paper, we examine self-supervised learning methods, particularly VICReg, to provide an information-theoretical understanding of their construction. As a first step, we demonstrate how information-theoretic quantities can be obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun

Deep neural networks need huge amount of training data, while in real world there is a scarcity of data available for training purposes. To resolve these issues, self-supervised learning (SSL) methods are used. SSL using geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Muhammad Ali , Sayed Hashim

This paper presents a general vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) framework for the problem of learning an unknown functional dependency between a structured input space and a structured output space. Our formulation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-23 Ha Quang Minh , Loris Bazzani , Vittorio Murino

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods such as VICReg, Barlow Twins or W-MSE avoid collapse of their joint embedding architectures by constraining or regularizing the covariance matrix of their projector's output. This study highlights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Grégoire Mialon , Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun

In this paper, we introduce a new image representation based on a multilayer kernel machine. Unlike traditional kernel methods where data representation is decoupled from the prediction task, we learn how to shape the kernel with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Julien Mairal

We introduce a regularization loss based on kernel mean embeddings with rotation-invariant kernels on the hypersphere (also known as dot-product kernels) for self-supervised learning of image representations. Besides being fully competitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Léon Zheng , Gilles Puy , Elisa Riccietti , Patrick Pérez , Rémi Gribonval

We present Variational Self-Supervised Learning (VSSL), a novel framework that combines variational inference with self-supervised learning to enable efficient, decoder-free representation learning. Unlike traditional VAEs that rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Mehmet Can Yavuz , Berrin Yanikoglu
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