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Meta-analysis is a well-established method for integrating results from several independent studies to estimate a common quantity of interest. However, meta-analysis is prone to selection bias, notably when particular studies are…

Applications · Statistics 2024-11-20 Layna Charlie Dennett , Antony Overstall , Dankmar Boehning

Predictions are often probabilities; e.g., a prediction could be for precipitation tomorrow, but with only a 30% chance. Given such probabilistic predictions together with the actual outcomes, "reliability diagrams" help detect and diagnose…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Imanol Arrieta-Ibarra , Paman Gujral , Jonathan Tannen , Mark Tygert , Cherie Xu

Despite the widespread use of graphs in empirical research, little is known about readers' ability to process the statistical information they are meant to convey ("visual inference"). We study visual inference within the context of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-31 Christina Korting , Carl Lieberman , Jordan Matsudaira , Zhuan Pei , Yi Shen

The random-effects or normal-normal hierarchical model is commonly utilized in a wide range of meta-analysis applications. A Bayesian approach to inference is very attractive in this context, especially when a meta-analysis is based only on…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-29 Christian Röver

In meta-analysis, the random-effects models are standard tools to address between-study heterogeneity in evidence synthesis analyses. For the random-effects distribution models, the normal distribution model has been adopted in most…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-28 Hisashi Noma , Kengo Nagashima , Shogo Kato , Satoshi Teramukai , Toshi A. Furukawa

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

The proliferation of misleading visualizations online, particularly during critical events like public health crises and elections, poses a significant risk. This study investigates the capability of GPT-4 models (4V, 4o, and 4o mini) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jason Alexander , Priyal Nanda , Kai-Cheng Yang , Ali Sarvghad

Systematic quantification of data quality is critical for consistent model performance. Prior works have focused on out-of-distribution data. Instead, we tackle an understudied yet equally important problem of characterizing incongruous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Nabeel Seedat , Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

Most satellite images have systematically missing pixels (i.e., missing data not at random (MNAR)) due to factors such as clouds. If not addressed, these missing pixels can lead to representation bias in automated feature extraction models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Julia Wąsala , Joannes D. Maasakkers , Ilse Aben , Rochelle Schneider , Holger Hoos , Mitra Baratchi

Statistical pattern classification methods based on data-random graphs were introduced recently. In this approach, a random directed graph is constructed from the data using the relative positions of the data points from various classes.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-07-01 Elvan Ceyhan , Carey E. Priebe , John C. Wierman

I present an analytic method for estimating the errors in fitting a distribution. A well-known theorem from statistics gives the minimum variance bound (MVB) for the uncertainty in estimating a set of parameters $\l_i$, when a distribution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Andrew Gould

We propose a constructive algorithm for identifying complete data distributions in graphical models of missing data. The complete data distribution is unrestricted, while the missingness mechanism is assumed to factorize according to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Anna Guo , Razieh Nabi

We introduce a mixture-model of beta distributions to identify significant correlations among $P$ predictors when $P$ is large. The method relies on theorems in convex geometry, which we use to show how to control the error rate of edge…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-29 Haim Bar , Martin T. Wells

In meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) is a recommended method to summarize the discriminant capacity of a diagnostic test in the presence of study-specific cutoff values and the area…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-10 Yi Zhou , Ao Huang , Satoshi Hattori

This article inspects whether a multivariate distribution is different from a specified distribution or not, and it also tests the equality of two multivariate distributions. In the course of this study, a graphical tool-kit using…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-19 Pratim Guha Niyogi , Subhra Sankar Dhar

A precise measurement of photometric redshifts (photo-z) is key for the success of modern photometric galaxy surveys. Machine learning (ML) methods show great promise in this context, but suffer from covariate shift (CS) in training sets…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-19 Chiara Moretti , Maximilian Autenrieth , Riccardo Serra , Roberto Trotta , David A. van Dyk , Andrei Mesinger

Predictive uncertainty-a model's self awareness regarding its accuracy on an input-is key for both building robust models via training interventions and for test-time applications such as selective classification. We propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Nishant Jain , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Pradeep Shenoy

Current methods for detecting spurious correlations rely on analyzing dataset statistics or error patterns, leaving many harmful shortcuts invisible when counterexamples are absent. We introduce BEE (Bridging Explainability and Embeddings),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cristian Daniel Păduraru , Antonio Bărbălau , Radu Filipescu , Andrei Liviu Nicolicioiu , Elena Burceanu

Deep learning systems deployed in real-world applications often encounter data that is different from their in-distribution (ID). A reliable model should ideally abstain from making decisions in this out-of-distribution (OOD) setting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Berker Demirel , Marco Fumero , Francesco Locatello

Automatic unreliable news detection is a research problem with great potential impact. Recently, several papers have shown promising results on large-scale news datasets with models that only use the article itself without resorting to any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Xiang Zhou , Heba Elfardy , Christos Christodoulopoulos , Thomas Butler , Mohit Bansal