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The growing number of generative AI-based dialogue systems has made their evaluation a crucial challenge. This paper presents our contribution to this important problem through the Dialogue System Technology Challenge (DSTC-12, Track 1),…

Conversational Large Language Models are post-trained on language that expresses specific behavioural traits, such as curiosity, open-mindedness, and empathy, and values, such as helpfulness, harmlessness, and honesty. This is done to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Arnav Arora , Natalie Schluter , Katherine Metcalf , Maartje ter Hoeve

Considering learner engagement has a mutual benefit for both learners and instructors. Instructors can help learners increase their attention, involvement, motivation, and interest. On the other hand, instructors can improve their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Somayeh Malekshahi , Javad M. Kheyridoost , Omid Fatemi

Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) aims to identify the emotion of each utterance in a conversation, playing a vital role in empathetic artificial intelligence. With the growing of large language models (LLMs), instruction tuning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hui Ma , Bo Zhang , Jinpeng Hu , Zenglin Shi

Online education platforms have experienced explosive growth over the past decade, generating massive volumes of user-generated content in the form of reviews, ratings, and behavioral logs. These heterogeneous signals provide unprecedented…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Arman Bekov , Azamat Nurgali

Large language models (LLMs) are initially pretrained for broad capabilities and then finetuned with instruction-following datasets to improve their performance in interacting with humans. Despite advances in finetuning, a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Chi Wang , Lichao Sun

With the proliferation of large language model (LLM) applications since 2022, their use in education has sparked both excitement and concern. Recent studies consistently highlight students' (mis)use of LLMs can hinder learning outcomes.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou , Runlong Ye , Majeed Kazemitabaar , Nicholas Diana , Michael Liut , John Stamper

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) with assertions to mitigate imbalances in educational datasets. Traditional models often fall short in such contexts, particularly due to the complexity and nuanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jeanne McClure , Machi Shimmei , Noboru Matsuda , Shiyan Jiang

Educational recommenders have received much less attention in comparison to e-commerce and entertainment-related recommenders, even though efficient intelligent tutors have great potential to improve learning gains. One of the main…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Sahan Bulathwela , Maria Perez-Ortiz , Erik Novak , Emine Yilmaz , John Shawe-Taylor

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly more powerful in their ability to complete complex tasks. One such task in which LLMs are often employed is scoring, i.e., assigning a numerical value from a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Henry J. Xie , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Contextualizing problems to align with student interests can significantly improve learning outcomes. However, this task often presents scalability challenges due to resource and time constraints. Recent advancements in Large Language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Gautam Yadav , Ying-Jui Tseng , Xiaolin Ni

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant persuasive capabilities in one-on-one interactions, but their influence within social networks, where interconnected users and complex opinion dynamics pose unique challenges, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Erica Coppolillo , Federico Cinus , Marco Minici , Francesco Bonchi , Giuseppe Manco

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) tasks is still challenging due to the infrequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yutao Zhu , Peitian Zhang , Chenghao Zhang , Yifei Chen , Binyu Xie , Zheng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for scalable educational applications, but their use in dialog-based tutoring systems remains challenging due to the need for effective pedagogical strategies and the high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Menna Fateen , Tsunenori Mine

The promise of generative AI to revolutionize education is constrained by the pedagogical limits of large language models (LLMs). A major issue is the lack of access to high-quality training data that reflect the learning of actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Janos Perczel , Jin Chow , Dorottya Demszky

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into educational practice enables personalized learning by accommodating diverse learner behaviors. This study explored diverse learner profiles within a multi-agent, LLM-empowered learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhanxin Hao , Jianxiao Jiang , Jifan Yu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Zhang

Emphasis is a crucial component in human communication, which indicates the speaker's intention and implication beyond pure text in dialogue. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Enhancing user engagement through interactions plays an essential role in socially-driven dialogues. While prior works have optimized models to reason over relevant knowledge or plan a dialogue act flow, the relationship between user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jiashuo Wang , Kaitao Song , Chunpu Xu , Changhe Song , Yang Xiao , Dongsheng Li , Lili Qiu , Wenjie Li

One of the key strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to interact with humans by generating appropriate responses to given instructions. This ability, known as instruction-following capability, has established a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hyeonseok Moon , Jaehyung Seo , Seungyoon Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

The widespread availability of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has significantly impacted education, raising both opportunities and challenges. Students can frequently interact with LLM-powered, interactive learning tools,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hunter McNichols , Fareya Ikram , Andrew Lan