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Open set recognition (OSR), aiming to simultaneously classify the seen classes and identify the unseen classes as 'unknown', is essential for reliable machine learning.The key challenge of OSR is how to reduce the empirical classification…

Machine learning-based techniques open up many opportunities and improvements to derive deeper and more practical insights from data that can help businesses make informed decisions. However, the majority of these techniques focus on the…

The limitations of existing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) methods lie in their confinement by the closed-environment assumption, hindering their effective and robust handling of unknown target categories…

Open Set Recognition (OSR) is about dealing with unknown situations that were not learned by the models during training. In this paper, we provide a survey of existing works about OSR and distinguish their respective advantages and…

The reliance on Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based classifiers in safety-critical and real-world applications necessitates Open-Set Recognition (OSR). OSR enables the identification of input data from classes unknown during training as…

This paper addresses the open set recognition (OSR) problem, where the goal is to correctly classify samples of known classes while detecting unknown samples to reject. In the OSR problem, "unknown" is assumed to have infinite possibilities…

Open set recognition (OSR) is a critical aspect of machine learning, addressing the challenge of detecting novel classes during inference. Within the realm of deep learning, neural classifiers trained on a closed set of data typically…

Unknown examples that are unseen during training often appear in real-world machine learning tasks, and an intelligent self-learning system should be able to distinguish between known and unknown examples. Accordingly, open set recognition…

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

The findings on open-set recognition (OSR) show that models trained on classification datasets are capable of detecting unknown classes not encountered during the training process. Specifically, after training, the learned representations…

Adversarial representation learning aims to learn data representations for a target task while removing unwanted sensitive information at the same time. Existing methods learn model parameters iteratively through stochastic gradient…

Open-set recognition (OSR) aims to simultaneously detect unknown-class samples and classify known-class samples. Most of the existing OSR methods are inductive methods, which generally suffer from the domain shift problem that the learned…

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

A major open problem on the road to artificial intelligence is the development of incrementally learning systems that learn about more and more concepts over time from a stream of data. In this work, we introduce a new training strategy,…

Open-set classification is a problem of handling `unknown' classes that are not contained in the training dataset, whereas traditional classifiers assume that only known classes appear in the test environment. Existing open-set classifiers…

Existing synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR) methods have been effective for the classification of seen target classes. However, it is more meaningful and challenging to distinguish the unseen target classes,…

The open set recognition (OSR) problem aims to identify test samples from novel semantic classes that are not part of the training classes, a task that is crucial in many practical scenarios. However, the existing OSR methods use a constant…

Deep neural networks have demonstrated prominent capacities for image classification tasks in a closed set setting, where the test data come from the same distribution as the training data. However, in a more realistic open set scenario,…

In real-world recognition/classification tasks, limited by various objective factors, it is usually difficult to collect training samples to exhaust all classes when training a recognizer or classifier. A more realistic scenario is open set…

Assuming unknown classes could be present during classification, the open set recognition (OSR) task aims to classify an instance into a known class or reject it as unknown. In this paper, we use a two-stage training strategy for the OSR…