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Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit strong visual understanding and reasoning abilities. However, whether their internal representations reflect human visual cognition is still under-explored. In this paper, we address this by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xin Xiao , Yang Lei , Haoyang Zeng , Xiao Sun , Xinyi Jiang , Yu Tian , Hao Wu , Kaiwen Wei , Jiang Zhong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly considered as a foundation for embodied agents, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably reason about the long-term physical consequences of actions from an egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Chengjun Yu , Xuhan Zhu , Chaoqun Du , Pengfei Yu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Spatial understanding is a critical capability for vision foundation models. While recent advances in large vision models or vision-language models (VLMs) have expanded recognition capabilities, most benchmarks emphasize localization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Vahid Mirjalili , Ramin Giahi , Sriram Kollipara , Akshay Kekuda , Kehui Yao , Kai Zhao , Jianpeng Xu , Kaushiki Nag , Sinduja Subramaniam , Topojoy Biswas , Evren Korpeoglu , Kannan Achan

Reasoning about motion and space is a fundamental cognitive capability that is required by multiple real-world applications. While many studies highlight that large multimodal language models (MLMs) struggle to reason about space, they only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Arijit Ray , Jiafei Duan , Ellis Brown , Reuben Tan , Dina Bashkirova , Rose Hendrix , Kiana Ehsani , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Bryan A. Plummer , Ranjay Krishna , Kuo-Hao Zeng , Kate Saenko

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex multimodal tasks. While MLLMs excel at visual perception and reasoning in third-person and egocentric videos, they are prone to hallucinations,…

While current multimodal models can answer questions based on 2D images, they lack intrinsic 3D object perception, limiting their ability to comprehend spatial relationships and depth cues in 3D scenes. In this work, we propose N3D-VLM, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxin Wang , Lei Ke , Boqiang Zhang , Tianyuan Qu , Hanxun Yu , Zhenpeng Huang , Meng Yu , Dan Xu , Dong Yu

We introduce a novel self-improving framework that enhances Embodied Visual Tracking (EVT) with Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to address the limitations of current active visual tracking systems in recovering from tracking failure. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Kui Wu , Shuhang Xu , Hao Chen , Churan Wang , Zhoujun Li , Yizhou Wang , Fangwei Zhong

AI personal assistants, deployed through robots or wearables, require embodied understanding to collaborate effectively with humans. However, current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) primarily focus on third-person (exocentric)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Haoyu Zhang , Qiaohui Chu , Meng Liu , Haoxiang Shi , Yaowei Wang , Liqiang Nie

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

Embodied scene understanding serves as the cornerstone for autonomous agents to perceive, interpret, and respond to open driving scenarios. Such understanding is typically founded upon Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Nevertheless, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yunsong Zhou , Linyan Huang , Qingwen Bu , Jia Zeng , Tianyu Li , Hang Qiu , Hongzi Zhu , Minyi Guo , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li

With the recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and other general foundation models, there is growing potential for multimodal, multi-task embodied agents that can operate in diverse environments given…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Haochen Zhang , Nader Zantout , Pujith Kachana , Zongyuan Wu , Ji Zhang , Wenshan Wang

Grounding language in the physical world requires AI systems to interpret references that emerge dynamically during conversation. While current vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static image tasks, they struggle to resolve ambiguous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Anna Deichler , Jim O'Regan , Fethiye Irmak Dogan , Lubos Marcinek , Anna Klezovich , Iolanda Leite , Jonas Beskow

Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Akshar Tumu , Varad Shinde , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Accurate spatial reasoning in outdoor environments - covering geometry, object pose, and inter-object relationships - is fundamental to downstream tasks such as mapping, motion forecasting, and high-level planning in autonomous driving. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xianda Guo , Ruijun Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Yuhang He , Dujun Nie , Wenke Huang , Chenming Zhang , Shuai Liu , Hao Zhao , Long Chen

Current state-of-the-art spatial reasoning-enhanced VLMs are trained to excel at spatial visual question answering (VQA). However, we believe that higher-level 3D-aware tasks, such as articulating dynamic scene changes and motion planning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Chenyang Ma , Kai Lu , Ta-Ying Cheng , Niki Trigoni , Andrew Markham

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on perception-oriented tasks, yet their ability to perform mathematical spatial reasoning, defined as the capacity to parse and manipulate two- and three-dimensional…

This study investigates the spatial reasoning capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning. We begin by evaluating the impact of different prompting strategies and find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Binbin Ji , Siddharth Agrawal , Qiance Tang , Yvonne Wu

Large Video-Language Models (Video-LMs) have achieved impressive progress in multimodal understanding, yet their reasoning remains weakly grounded in space and time. We present Know-Show, a new benchmark designed to evaluate spatio-temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chinthani Sugandhika , Chen Li , Deepu Rajan , Basura Fernando

Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into visual domain tasks, resulting in visual-LLMs (V-LLMs), has enabled exceptional performance in vision-language tasks, particularly for visual question answering (VQA). However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Satya Narayan Shukla , Omid Poursaeed , Michael S. Ryoo , Tsung-Yu Lin
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