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This paper compares the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ with those of a symmetric combination of zeta functions, denoted ${\cal T}_+(s)$, known to have all its zeros located on the critical line $\Re(s)=1/2$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-24 Ross C. McPhedran

In article, we explore the secondary zeta function $Z(s)$, which is defined as a generalized zeta type of series over imaginary parts of non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$. This function has been analytically…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Artur Kawalec

The properties of several functions are employed to investigate the zeros of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(a+bi)$ $(0<a<1, b\neq 0)$. If the zeros of the zeta function have not the form $\frac{1}{2}+ib$ where $i=\sqrt{-1}$, we derive a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Shaoyong Lai

The Riemann zeta function and the distribution of its nontrivial zeros on the critical line remain central topics in analytic number theory and large-scale computation. This work develops a numerical framework that replaces classical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Jacob Orellana Real

It is well known that real zeros of the Riemann zeta function are negative even integers. As for real zeros of the Hurwitz zeta function, T. Nakamura recently gave an existence condition in the intervals (0,1) and (-1,0). We generalize this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Toshiki Matsusaka

We prove explicit formulae for $\alpha$-points of $L$-functions from the Selberg class. Next we extend a theorem of Littlewood on the vertical distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ to the case of $\alpha$-points of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Athanasios Sourmelidis , Teerapat Srichan , Jörn Steuding

The Riemann hypothesis, stating that the real part of all non-trivial zero points fo the zeta function must be $\frac{1}{2}$, is one of the most important unproven hypothesises in number theory. In this paper we will proof the Riemann…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Björn Tegetmeyer

Some computations made about the Riemann Hypothesis and in particular, the verification that zeroes of zeta belong on the critical line and the extension of zero-free region are useful to get better effective estimates of number theory…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-03 Pierre Dusart

It is proved in this paper that continuum set of $L_2$-orthogonal systems generated by the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line corresponds to every fixed $L_2$-orthogonal system on a fixed segment. This theorem serves as a resource…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Jan Moser

Let $\pi S(t)$ denote the argument of the Riemann zeta-function at the point $\frac12+it$. Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we sharpen the constant in the best currently known bounds for $S(t)$ and for the change of $S(t)$ in intervals. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 D. A. Goldston , S. M. Gonek

We present an unconditional proof that non-trivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function must lie strictly on the critical line $\text{Re}(s) = 0.5$. By defining a recursive path of Taylor expansions originating from the domain of absolute…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Yunwei Bai

The motion in the complex plane of the zeros to various zeta functions is investigated numerically. First the Hurwitz zeta function is considered and an accurate formula for the distribution of its zeros is suggested. Then functions which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hans Frisk , Serge de Gosson

For $0 < a \le 1/2$, we define the quadrilateral zeta function $Q(s,a)$ using the Hurwitz and periodic zeta functions and show that $Q(s,a)$ satisfies Riemann's functional equation studied by Hamburger, Heck and Knopp. Moreover, we prove…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-15 Takashi Nakamura

We settle a conjecture of Farmer and Ki in a stronger form. Roughly speaking we show that there is a positive proportion of small gaps between consecutive zeros of the zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ if and only if there is a positive proportion…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-16 Maksym Radziwill

Consider the approximation $\tilde{Z}_N(s) = \sum_{n=1}^N n^{-s} + \chi(s) \sum_{n=1}^N n^{1-s}$ of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$, where $\chi(s)$ is the ratio of the gamma functions. This arise from the approximate functional…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Arindam Roy , Kevin You

Some problems involving the classical Hardy function $$ Z(t) := \zeta(1/2+it)\bigl(\chi(1/2+it)\bigr)^{-1/2}, \quad \zeta(s) = \chi(s)\zeta(1-s) $$ are discussed. In particular we discuss the odd moments of $Z(t)$, the distribution of its…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-07 Aleksandar Ivić

Four propositions are considered concerning the relationship between the zeros of two combinations of the Riemann zeta function and the function itself. The first is the Riemann hypothesis, while the second relates to the zeros of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-31 R. C. McPhedran

Y\i ld\i r\i m obtained an asymptotic formula of the discrete moment of $|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)|$ over the zero of the higher derivatives of Hardy's $Z$-function. We give a generalization of his result on Hardy's $Z$-function.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-04 Hirotaka Kobayashi

The function $S_n (t) = \pi \left( \frac{3}{2} - {frac} \left( \frac{\vartheta(t)}{\pi} \right) + \left( \lfloor \frac{t \ln \left( \frac{t}{2 \pi e}\right)}{2 \pi} + \frac{7}{8} \rfloor - n \right) \right)$ is conjectured to be equal to $S…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Stephen Crowley

The series for the zeta function does not converge on the critical line but the function \[G(t)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^{\frac12+it}}\frac{t}{2\pi n^2+t}\] satisfies $Z(t)=2\Re\{e^{i\vartheta(t)}G(t)\}+O(t^{-\frac56+\varepsilon})$. So…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Juan Arias de Reyna