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Weak quantum measurements enable real-time tracking and control of dynamical quantum systems, producing quantum trajectories -- evolutions of the quantum state of the system conditioned on measurement outcomes. For classical systems, the…

We develop techniques to probe the dynamics of quantum information, and implement them experimentally on an IBM superconducting quantum processor. Our protocols adapt shadow tomography for the study of time evolution channels rather than of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Max McGinley , Sebastian Leontica , Samuel J. Garratt , Jovan Jovanovic , Steven H. Simon

Quantum computing promises the ability to compute properties of quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers. Quantum advantage is achieved when a practical problem is solved more efficiently on a quantum computer than on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 William A. Simon , Peter J. Love

Obtaining precise estimates of quantum observables is a crucial step of variational quantum algorithms. We consider the problem of estimating expectation values of molecular Hamiltonians, obtained on states prepared on a quantum computer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Charles Hadfield , Sergey Bravyi , Rudy Raymond , Antonio Mezzacapo

Tensor network methods strike a middle ground between fully-fledged quantum computing and classical computing, as they take inspiration from quantum systems to significantly speed up certain classical operations. Their strength lies in…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-10 Nicolas Allegra

Shadow estimation is an efficient method for predicting many observables of a quantum state with a statistical guarantee. In the multi-shot scenario, one performs projective measurement on the sequentially prepared state for $K$ times after…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-05 You Zhou , Qing Liu

We study the sample complexity of the classical shadows task: what is the fewest number of copies of an unknown state you need to measure to predict expected values with respect to some class of observables? Large joint measurements are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Daniel Grier , Sihan Liu , Gaurav Mahajan

By generalizing the quantum weak measurement protocol to the case of quantum fields, we show that weak measurements probe an effective classical background field that describes the average field configuration in the spacetime region between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-24 Justin Dressel , Konstantin Y. Bliokh , Franco Nori

Classifying phase transitions is a fundamental and complex challenge in condensed matter physics. This work proposes a framework for identifying quantum phase transitions by combining classical shadows with unsupervised machine learning. We…

Classification of quantum data is essential for quantum machine learning and near-term quantum technologies. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid quantum-classical framework for supervised quantum learning, which we call Variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 Guangxi Li , Zhixin Song , Xin Wang

Estimating expectation values is a key subroutine in quantum algorithms. Near-term implementations face two major challenges: a limited number of samples required to learn a large collection of observables, and the accumulation of errors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Andrew Zhao , Akimasa Miyake

Despite significant effort, the quantum machine learning community has only demonstrated quantum learning advantages for artificial cryptography-inspired datasets when dealing with classical data. In this paper we address the challenge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Casper Gyurik , Vedran Dunjko

Before the availability of large scale fault-tolerant quantum devices, one has to find ways to make the most of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. One possibility is to seek smaller repetitive hybrid quantum-classical tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Teiko Heinosaari , Daniel Reitzner , Alessandro Toigo

Frequency correlations are a versatile and powerful tool which can be exploited to perform spectral analysis of objects whose direct measurement might be unfeasible. This is achieved through a so-called ghost spectrometer, that can be…

Shadow tomography via classical shadows is a state-of-the-art approach for estimating properties of a quantum state. We present a simplified, combinatorial analysis of a recently proposed instantiation of this approach based on the ensemble…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Bryan O'Gorman

Understanding the dynamics of large quantum systems is hindered by the curse of dimensionality. Statistical learning offers new possibilities in this regime by neural-network protocols and classical shadows, while both methods have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Yuxuan Du , Yibo Yang , Tongliang Liu , Zhouchen Lin , Bernard Ghanem , Dacheng Tao

Combining quantum computers with classical compute power has become a standard means for developing algorithms that are eventually supposed to beat any purely classical alternatives. While in-principle advantages for solution quality or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Simon Thelen , Wolfgang Mauerer

We study supervised learning algorithms in which a quantum device is used to perform a computational subroutine - either for prediction via probability estimation, or to compute a kernel via estimation of quantum states overlap. We design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ulysse Chabaud , Damian Markham , Adel Sohbi

Shadow estimation is a recent protocol that allows estimating exponentially many expectation values of a quantum state from ``classical shadows'', obtained by applying random quantum circuits and computational basis measurements. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Jonas Helsen , Michael Walter

A scalable Bayesian machine learning framework is introduced for estimating scalar properties of an unknown quantum state from measurement data, which bypasses full density matrix reconstruction. This work is the first to integrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Hyunho Cha , Wonjung Kim , Jungwoo Lee
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