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Parallel programmers face the often irreconcilable goals of programmability and performance. HPC systems use distributed memory for scalability, thereby sacrificing the programmability advantages of shared memory programming models.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-01-21 Bharath Ramesh , Calvin J. Ribbens , Srinidhi Varadarajan

Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) play a crucial role in delivering personalized content across web applications such as social networking and video streaming. However, with improvements in performance, the parameter size of DLRMs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Jinho Yang , Ji-Hoon Kim , Joo-Young Kim

Computing has a huge memory problem. The memory system, consisting of multiple technologies at different levels, is responsible for most of the energy consumption, performance bottlenecks, robustness problems, monetary cost, and hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Ismail Emir Yuksel

In recent years, there is an increasing demand of big memory systems so to perform large scale data analytics. Since DRAM memories are expensive, some researchers are suggesting to use other memory systems such as non-volatile memory (NVM)…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Gaoying Ju , Yongkun Li , Yinlong Xu , Jiqiang Chen , John C. S. Lui

Caching is crucial for enabling high-throughput networks for data intensive applications. Traditional caching technology relies on DRAM, as it can transfer data at a high rate. However, DRAM capacity is subject to contention by most system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Faruk Volkan Mutlu , Edmund Yeh

Elasticity is one important feature in modern cloud computing systems and can result in computation failure or significantly increase computing time. Such elasticity means that virtual machines over the cloud can be preempted under a short…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Mingyue Ji , Xiang Zhang , Kai Wan

DRAM-based main memory and its associated components increasingly account for a significant portion of application performance bottlenecks and power budget demands inside the computing ecosystem. To alleviate the problems of storage density…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Fan Yao , Guru Venkataramani

Reliability is a serious concern for future extreme-scale high-performance computing (HPC) systems. While the HPC community has developed various resilience solutions, the solution space remains fragmented. There are no formal methods and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Saurabh Hukerikar , Christian Engelmann

Despite huge success of artificial intelligence, hardware systems running these algorithms consume orders of magnitude higher energy compared to the human brain, mainly due to heavy data movements between the memory unit and the computation…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Amogh Agrawal , Aayush Ankit , Kaushik Roy

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is gaining popularity due to its ability to offer computing within the memory and its non-volatile nature. The unique properties of RRAM, such as binary switching, multi-state switching, and device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Simranjeet Singh , Farhad Merchant , Sachin Patkar

Putting the DRAM on the same package with a processor enables several times higher memory bandwidth than conventional off-package DRAM. Yet, the latency of in-package DRAM is not appreciably lower than that of off-package DRAM. A promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Xiangyao Yu , Christopher J. Hughes , Nadathur Satish , Onur Mutlu , Srinivas Devadas

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a scalable and low latency non-volatile memory (NVM) technology that has been proposed to serve as storage class memory (SCM), providing low access latency similar to DRAM and often approaching or exceeding the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Shihao Song , Anup Das

When multiple processor cores (CPUs) and a GPU integrated together on the same chip share the off-chip DRAM, requests from the GPU can heavily interfere with requests from the CPUs, leading to low system performance and starvation of cores.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Gabriel H. Loh , Lavanya Subramanian , Kevin Chang , Onur Mutlu

The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has intensified the demand for efficient, high-throughput, and energy-efficient data processing at the edge. Conventional CPU-centric encryption methods suffer from performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rasha Karakchi , Rye Stahle-Smith , Nishant Chinnasami , Tiffany Yu

Due to increasing cache sizes and large leakage consumption of SRAM device, conventional SRAM caches contribute significantly to the processor power consumption. Recently researchers have used non-volatile memory devices to design caches,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Sparsh Mittal

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

While general-purpose computing follows Von Neumann's architecture, the data movement between memory and processor elements dictates the processor's performance. The evolving compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigm tackles this issue by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

Memory latency, bandwidth, capacity, and energy increasingly limit performance. In this paper, we reconsider proposed system architectures that consist of huge (many-terabyte to petabyte scale) memories shared among large numbers of CPUs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Samuel Dayo , Shuhan Liu , Peijing Li , Philip Levis , Subhasish Mitra , Thierry Tambe , David Tennenhouse , H. -S. Philip Wong

Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures aim to reduce costly data transfers by performing arithmetic and logic operations in memory and hence relieve the pressure due to the memory wall. However, determining whether a given workload can…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Di Gao , Dayane Reis , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Cheng Zhuo

Emerging computing applications such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are facing a memory wall with existing on-package memory solutions that are unable to meet the power-efficient bandwidth demands. We propose to enhance UCIe with memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Debendra Das Sharma , Swadesh Choudhary , Peter Onufryk , Rob Pelt