Related papers: Introduction to Number Theoretic Transform
Number theoretic transform (NTT) is the most efficient method for multiplying two polynomials of high degree with integer coefficients, due to its series of advantages in terms of algorithm and implementation, and is consequently…
Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an essential mathematical tool for computing polynomial multiplication in promising lattice-based cryptography. However, costly division operations and complex data dependencies make efficient and…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an indispensable tool for computing efficient polynomial multiplications in post-quantum lattice-based cryptography. It has strong resemblance with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is the most…
Homomorphic encryption (HE) draws huge attention as it provides a way of privacy-preserving computations on encrypted messages. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), a specialized form of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in the finite field of…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a critical computational bottleneck in many lattice-based postquantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms. By leveraging the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, the NTT of a polynomial of degree N - 1…
This tutorial aims to establish connections between polynomial modular multiplication over a ring to circular convolution and discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The main goal is to extend the well-known theory of DFT in signal processing…
Multimedia contents are inherently sensitive signals that must be protected whenever they are outsourced to an untrusted environment. This problem becomes a challenge when the untrusted environment must perform some processing on the…
Polynomial multiplication is one of the fundamental operations in many applications, such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). However, the computational inefficiency stemming from polynomials with many large-bit coefficients poses a…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a fundamental operation in privacy-preserving technologies, particularly within fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). The efficiency of NTT computation directly impacts the overall performance of FHE,…
Lattice-based cryptography (LBC) exploiting Learning with Errors (LWE) problems is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. Number theoretic transform (NTT) is the latency- and energy- dominant process in the computation of LWE…
The nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) decomposes waveforms propagating through optical fiber into nonlinear degrees of freedom, which are preserved during transmission. By encoding information on the nonlinear spectrum, a transmission…
The nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT), a powerful tool in soliton theory and exactly solvable models, is a method for solving integrable partial differential equations governing wave propagation in certain nonlinear media. The NFT…
This paper presents a general expression for a number-theoretic Hilbert transform (NHT). The transformations preserve the circulant nature of the discrete Hilbert transform (DHT) matrix together with alternating values in each row being…
The nonlinear Fourier transform, which is also known as the forward scattering transform, decomposes a periodic signal into nonlinearly interacting waves. In contrast to the common Fourier transform, these waves no longer have to be…
A New Number Theoretic Transform(NTT), which is a form of FFT, is introduced, that is faster than FFTs. Also, a multiplication algorithm is introduced that uses this to perform integer multiplication faster than O(n log n). It uses…
This paper presents new results in the theory of number theoretic Hilbert (NHT) transforms. New polymorphic solutions have been found for the 14-point and 16-point transforms. Several transform pairs are computed and solutions found for…
Discrete trigonometric transformations, such as the discrete Fourier and cosine/sine transforms, are important in a variety of applications due to their useful properties. For example, one well-known property is the convolution theorem for…
The Arithmetic Fourier Transform is a numerical formulation for computing Fourier series and Taylor series coefficients. It competes with the Fast Fourier Transform in terms of speed and efficiency, requiring only addition operations and…
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an efficient algorithm to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse. In this paper, we pay special attention to the description of complex-data FFT. We analyze two common descriptions of…
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a numerical operation that transforms a function into a form comprised of its constituent frequencies and is an integral part of scientific computation and data analysis. The objective of our work is to…