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The creation and manipulation of photonic skyrmions provide a novel degree of freedom for light-matter interactions, optical communication and nanometrology. Since the localized vortex within skyrmions arises from the twist and curl of the…

The study of fundamental optics effects has been stimulated through the increasing ability to structure light in all its degrees of freedom (DOFs) in sophisticated but simple experimental settings. However, with such an increase in…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-12 Robert Fickler , Lea Kopf , Marco Ornigotti

Skyrmionic patterns of optical fields have recently emerged across diverse photonic platforms. Here, we show that such textures also arise in the polarization eigenstates of light propagation through flat dielectric devices with an…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-13 Francesco Di Colandrea , Lorenzo Marrucci , Filippo Cardano

We construct optical beams in free space with robust skyrmionic structures in their polarization fields, both in the electric spin vector for near-circular fields and in the polarization direction for near-linear fields, and for both Bloch…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-18 Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Cuevas , Emilio Pisanty

Here we present different approaches to ultrafast pulse and polarization shaping, based on a ``quantum fluid'' platform of polaritons. Indeed we exploit the normal modes of two dimensional polariton fluids made of strong coupled quantum…

In structured light with controllable degrees of freedom (DoFs), the vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) give access to provide additional degrees of freedom for information transfer, and in classic field, the propagation…

Optics · Physics 2022-08-16 Minhui Xiong , Ren Wang , Qinyu Zhou , Bing-Zhong Wang

In polarization optics, various topological constructs, namely Poincar\'e spheres of different orders, are used to represent uniform and structured polarization distributions. Similarly, there are also structured polarization optical…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-08 Mohammad Umar , P. Senthilkumaran

Polarization textures of light may reflect fundamental phenomena such as topological defects, and can be utilized in engineering light beams. Three main routes are applied during their creation: spontaneous appearance in phase transitions,…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jani M. Taskinen , Pavel Kliuiev , Antti J. Moilanen , Päivi Törmä

The use of structured ultrashort pulses with coupled spatiotemporal properties is emerging as a key tool for ultrafast manipulation. Ultrafast vector beams are opening exciting opportunities in different fields such as microscopy,…

Spatiotemporal vortices are polychromatic modes that intertwine orbital angular momentum (OAM) in space and time. Here we introduce a new class of such vortices, spatiotemporal plasmonic vortices (STPVs), carrying nontrivial topological…

Space-time structuring of light - where spatial and temporal degrees of freedom are deliberately coupled and controlled - is an emerging area of optics that enables novel configurations of electromagnetic fields. Of particular importance…

Increasing the complexity of a light field through the advanced manipulation of its degrees of freedom (DoF) provides new opportunities for fundamental studies and technologies. Correlating polarization with the light's spatial or spectral…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-12 Lea Kopf , Rafael Barros , Robert Fickler

Bound states in the continuum in periodic photonic systems like photonic crystal slabs are proved to be accompanied by vortex polarization singularities on the photonic bands in the momentum space. The winding structures of polarization…

Spatiotemporal structured light has opened up new avenues for optics and photonics. Current spatiotemporal manipulation of light mostly relies on phase-only devices such as liquid crystal spatial light modulator to generate spatiotemporal…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-24 Qian Cao , Nianjia Zhang , Andy Chong , Qiwen Zhan

The incorporation of structured light techniques into vision science has enabled more selective probes of polarization related entoptic phenomena. Diverse sets of stimuli have become accessible in which the spatially dependant optical…

We confirm the existence of a new bulk medium quasiparticle with transverse orbital angular momentum (tOAM) and elucidate its physical origin. The tOAM structure is driven by torques induced by the ponderomotive force of the light in the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 M. S. Le , S. W. Hancock , N. Tripathi , H. M. Milchberg

Polarization of light can form skyrmionic textures, akin to nonlinear solitons in condensed matter, yet their disparate physical context has motivated extensive debate regarding their stability. Here we show that the topological charge of…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-16 Nilo Mata-Cervera , Zhenyu Guo , Yijie Shen

The ability to measure polarisation, spectrum, temporal dynamics, and spatial amplitude and phase of optical beams is essential to study fundamental phenomena in laser dynamics, telecommunications and nonlinear optics. Current…

Vortices in fluids and gases have piqued the interest of human for centuries. Development of classical-wave physics and quantum mechanics highlighted wave vortices characterized by phase singularities and topological charges. In particular,…

The control of polarization, an essential property of light, is of wide scientific and technological interest. The general problem of generating arbitrary time-varying states of polarization (SOP) has always been mathematically formulated…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-16 Alan She , Federico Capasso
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