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Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) provide a powerful probe of early-universe physics, linking inflationary fluctuations to observable cosmological phenomena. In this work, we use a bottom-up approach to study how PBHs with masses in the range…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Tianning Wang , Evan Grohs , Laura Mersini-Houghton

There are ongoing efforts in detecting Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBH) formed during the early universe. Here we put an upper limit on the PBH number density that could have been formed prior to the big bang…

General Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 C. Sivaram , Kenath Arun

We investigate the scenario in which primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses Mpbh < 10^9 g undergo Hawking evaporation, around the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. The evaporation process modifies the Universe's expansion rate and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-06 Andrea Boccia , Fabio Iocco , Luca Visinelli

Primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses below $10^9\,\rm{g}$ are typically assumed to have negligible cosmological impact due to their rapid evaporation via Hawking radiation. However, the 'memory burden' effect, which is a quantum…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Arnab Chaudhuri , Kazunori Kohri , Valentin Thoss

As space expands, the energy density in black holes increases relative to that of radiation, providing us with motivation to consider scenarios in which the early universe contained a significant abundance of such objects. In this study, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-18 Celeste Keith , Dan Hooper , Nikita Blinov , Samuel D. McDermott

Upon their evaporation via Hawking radiation, primordial black holes (PBHs) may deposit energy in the ambient plasma on scales smaller than the typical distance between two black holes, leading to the formation of hot spots around them. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Clelia Altomonte , Malcolm Fairbairn , Lucien Heurtier

We investigate the influence of hadron injection from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early stage of the primordial nucleosynthesis era (t = 10^{-3} - 10^4 sec). The emitted quark-antiquark pairs or gluons immediately…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Kohri , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are thought to have been formed as a result of density fluctuations in the very early Universe. It is suggested that PBHs of mass $\sim 5 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{\ g}$ or less have evaporated through the release…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-04 Sajan Kumar

We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range $10^{-5}\text{--}10^{50}$ g. Those smaller than $\sim 10^{15}$ g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Bernard Carr , Kazunori Kohri , Yuuiti Sendouda , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may form in the early universe when pre-existing adiabatic density fluctuations enter into the cosmological horizon and recollapse. It has been suggested that PBH formation may be facilitated when fluctuations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Jedamzik , J. C. Niemeyer

Primordial Black Holes (PBH) could dominate in the early universe and, evaporating before Big bang Nucleosynthesis, can provide new freeze in mechanism of dark matter (DM) production. The proposed scenario is considered for two possible…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-11 Pratik Chattopadhyay , Arnab Chaudhuri , Maxim Yu. Khlopov

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are of special interest because of the crucial role of quantum effects in their formation and evaporation. This means that they provide a unique probe of the early universe, high-energy physics and quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-02-07 B. J. Carr

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are candidates for dark matter as well as ultra-high energy cosmic rays. PBHs are speculated to exist over a large range of masses, from below $10^{15}$ g to $10^3$ M$_\odot$. Here we search for PBHs with an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-16 Pranav Dave , Ignacio Taboada

We study the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe during a period of slow reheating after inflation. We demonstrate how the PBH formation mechanism may change even before the end of the matter-dominated phase and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Bernard Carr , Konstantinos Dimopoulos , Charlotte Owen , Tommi Tenkanen

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes predicted to have been formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe. PBHs with an initial mass around $10^{14}-10^{15}$g are expected to end their evaporation at present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-10 H. E. S. S. collaboration , : , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , J. Aschersleben , M. Boettcher , M. Backes , V. Barbosa Martins , R. Batzo , Y. Becherini , D. Berge , B. Bi , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , M. de Bony de Lavergne , J. Borowska , F. Bradascio , R. Brose , F. Brun , B. Bruno , T. Bulik , C. Burger-Scheidlin , S. Caro , S. Casanova , J. Celic , M. Cerruti , T. Chand , A. Chen , O. Chibueze , G. Cotter , J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye , A. Djannati-Atai , K. Egberts , C. van Eldik , J. -P. Ernenwein , M. Fussling , A. Fiasson , G. Fichet de Clairfontaine , G. Fontaine , S. Gabici , S. Ghafourizadeh , G. Giavitto , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , G. Grolleron , M. -H. Grondin , L. Haerer , M. Haupt , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , M. Holler , D. Horns , Zhiqiu Huang , M. Jamrozy , F. Jankowsky , V. Joshi , I. Jung-Richardt , E. Kasai , K. Katarzynski , B. Khelifi , S. Klepser , W. Kluzniak , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , D. Kostunin , T. L. Holch , R. G. Lang , S. Le Stum , F. Leitl , A. Lemiere , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leuschner , T. Lohse , A. Luashvili , I. Lypova , J. Mackey , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , P. Marchegiani , P. Marinos , G. Marti-Devesa , R. Marx , A. Mitchell , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , A. Montanari , E. Moulin , J. Muller , K. Nakashima , M. de Naurois , J. Niemiec , P. O'Brien , S. Ohm , L. Olivera-Nieto , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , M. Ostrowski , G. Puehlhofer , S. Panny , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , G. Peron , A. Priyana Noel , D. A. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , P. Reichherzer , O. Reimer , F. Rieger , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , H. Rueda Ricarte , V. Sahakian , H. Salzmann , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , H. M. Schutte , U. Schwanke , J. N. S. Shapopi , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. Spencer , L. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , S. Steinmassl , C. Steppa , I. Sushch , H. Suzuki , T. Takahashi , T. Tanaka , T. Tavernier , C. Thorpe-Morgan , N. Tsuji , Y. Uchiyama , M. Vecchi , J. Veh , C. Venter , J. Vink , S. J. Wagner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , Yu Wun Wong , M. Zacharias , D. Zargaryan , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , S. Zouari , N. Zywucka

Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $10^{17} - 10^{23}~{\rm gm}$ are considered as possible dark matter candidates as they are not subject to big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints and behave like cold dark matter. If PBHs are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-01 Semin Xavier , Alan Sunny , S. Shankaranarayanan

We study the matter power spectrum constraint on primordial black holes (PBH) by the dark matter (DM) emitted through Hawking radiation. We particularly focus on the scenario where PBH, with mass ranges between 1g and $10^9$g, evaporates…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-06 Yu-Ming Chen

Many early universe theories predict the creation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). PBHs could have masses ranging from the Planck mass to 10^5 solar masses or higher depending on the size of the universe at formation. A Black Hole (BH) has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-27 T. N. Ukwatta , D. R. Stump , J. T. Linnemann , J. H. MacGibbon , S. S. Marinelli , T. Yapici , K. Tollefson

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) serve as a unique probe to the physics of the early Universe, particularly inflation. In light of this, we study the formation of PBHs by the collapse of overdense perturbations generated during a model of warm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-17 Richa Arya

Recent developments in the study of primordial black holes (PBHs) will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on their formation and evaporation. PBHs could provide a unique probe of the early Universe, gravitational collapse, high energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 B. J. Carr
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