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Back in the Eighties, Heath showed that every 3-planar graph is subhamiltonian and asked whether this result can be extended to a class of graphs of degree greater than three. In this paper we affirmatively answer this question for the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-01-06 Michael A. Bekos , Martin Gronemann , Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou

Whiteley \cite{wh} gives a complete characterization of the infinitesimal flexes of complete bipartite frameworks. Our work generalizes a specific infinitesimal flex to include joined graphs, a family of graphs that contain the complete…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Timothy Sun , Chun Ye

The graph isomorphism problem has a long history in mathematics and computer science, with applications in computational chemistry and biology, and it is believed to be neither solvable in polynomial time nor NP-complete. E. Luks proposed…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Adria Alcala Mena , Francesc Rossello

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

In 2003, Bohman, Frieze, and Martin initiated the study of randomly perturbed graphs and digraphs. For digraphs, they showed that for every $\alpha>0$, there exists a constant $C$ such that for every $n$-vertex digraph of minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Igor Araujo , József Balogh , Robert A. Krueger , Simón Piga , Andrew Treglown

We construct a one-parameter family of properly embedded minimal annuli in the Heisenberg group Nil_3 endowed with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. These annuli are not rotationally invariant. This family gives a vertical half-space…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-03-25 Benoit Daniel , Laurent Hauswirth

In this paper, we analyze embeddings of grid graphs on orientable surfaces. We determine the genus of a large class of k-dimensional grid graphs and effective two-sided bounds for the genus of any 3-dimensional grid graph, both in terms of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Christian Millichap , Fabian Salinas

An oriented graph is a digraph that contains no 2-cycles, i.e., there is at most one arc between any two vertices. We show that every oriented graph $G$ of sufficiently large order $n$ with $\mathrm{deg}^+(x) +\mathrm{deg}^{-}(y)\geq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Yulin Chang , Yangyang Cheng , Tianjiao Dai , Qiancheng Ouyang , Guanghui Wang

The Erd\H{o}s-Rothschild problem from 1974 asks for the maximum number of $s$-edge colourings in an $n$-vertex graph which avoid a monochromatic copy of $K_k$, given positive integers $n,s,k$. In this paper, we systematically study the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Pranshu Gupta , Yani Pehova , Emil Powierski , Katherine Staden

It was shown by Beisegel, Chudnovsky, Gurvich, Milani\v{c}, and Servatius in 2022 that every induced $2$-edge path in a vertex-transitive graph closes to an induced cycle. Similar results were obtained for 3-edge paths closing to cycles in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Martin Milanič , Đorđe Mitrović

We give an algorithm to calculate the minimal and maximal genus of the orientable closed surface where a graph $G$ can be embedded. For this, we construct some special branched coverings of the 2-sphere. We apply this algorithm to calculate…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-27 Lorena Armas-Sanabria , Víctor Núñez

We classify rotary (orientably-regular) maps whose underlying graphs are multicycles. For the multicycle $\mathrm{C}_n^{(\lambda)}$ of length $n$ and edge-multiplicity $\lambda$, we determine all rotary embeddings for $n\geqslant 3$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Zhaochen Ding , Zheng Guo , Luyi Liu

We compute the quadratic embedding constant for complete bipartite graphs with disjoint edges removed. Moreover, we study the quadratic embedding property for theta graphs, i.e., graphs consisting of three paths with common initial points…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-02 Wojciech Młotkowski , Marek Skrzypczyk , Michał Wojtylak

We show that every sufficiently large oriented graph $G$ with minimum indegree and outdegree both at least $(3|V(G)|-1)/8$ contains every orientation of a Hamilton cycle. This result improves the approximate bound established by Kelly and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Guanghui Wang , Yun Wang , Zhiwei Zhang

We present an order-theoretic approach to the study of countably infinite locally 2-arc-transitive bipartite graphs. Our approach is motivated by techniques developed by Warren and others during the study of cycle-free partial orders. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-09 Robert D. Gray , John K. Truss

We conjecture that the balanced complete bipartite graph $K_{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor,\lceil n/2 \rceil}$ contains more cycles than any other $n$-vertex triangle-free graph, and we make some progress toward proving this. We give equivalent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-30 Stephane Durocher , David S. Gunderson , Pak Ching Li , Matthew Skala

A graph $U$ is an induced universal graph for a family $F$ of graphs if every graph in $F$ is a vertex-induced subgraph of $U$. For the family of all undirected graphs on $n$ vertices Alstrup, Kaplan, Thorup, and Zwick [STOC 2015] give an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Mikkel Abrahamsen , Stephen Alstrup , Jacob Holm , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Morten Stöckel

The nearly complete bipartite graph $G(m,n,k)$ is obtained by removing $k$ independent edges from the complete bipartite graph $K_{m,n}$. In this paper, we prove that for any nearly complete bipartite graph $G(m,n,k)$ with $m, n\geq 3$, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Shengxiang Lv

In 2015, Archdeacon introduced the notion of Heffter arrays and showed the connection between Heffter arrays and biembedding m-cycle and an n-cycle systems on a surface. In this paper we exploit this connection and prove that for every n >=…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Jeffrey H. Dinitz , Amelia R. W. Mattern

Inspired by the work of Fr{\"o}berg (1990) and Eagon and Reiner (1998), Bayer et al. recently introduced two new graph complexes: total cut complexes and cut complexes. In this article, we investigate these complexes specifically for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Himanshu Chandrakar , Nisith Ranjan Hazra , Debotosh Rout , Anurag Singh