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Instruction-following Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved significant progress recently on a variety of tasks. These approaches merge strong pre-trained vision models and large language models (LLMs). Since these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yiyang Zhou , Chenhang Cui , Rafael Rafailov , Chelsea Finn , Huaxiu Yao

Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

Aligning language models (LMs) with human preferences has become a key area of research, enabling these models to meet diverse user needs better. Inspired by weak-to-strong generalization, where a strong LM fine-tuned on labels generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenhong Zhu , Zhiwei He , Xiaofeng Wang , Pengfei Liu , Rui Wang

The recent surge of versatile large language models (LLMs) largely depends on aligning increasingly capable foundation models with human intentions by preference learning, enhancing LLMs with excellent applicability and effectiveness in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ruili Jiang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Zhixuan He , Juntao Li , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Liqiang Nie , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in language comprehension and generation; however, their widespread adoption is constrained by substantial bandwidth and computational demands. While pruning and low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zeliang Zong , Kai Zhang , Zheyang Li , Wenming Tan , Ye Ren , Yiyan Zhai , Jilin Hu

Aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences (e.g., by means of reinforcement learning with human feedback, or RLHF) is essential for ensuring their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Despite significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Pietro Bernardelle , Gianluca Demartini

Large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate inconsistencies with human preferences. Previous research typically gathered human preference data and then aligned the pre-trained models using reinforcement learning or instruction tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Li , Fangyun Wei , Jinjing Zhao , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Current large language models (LLMs) generally show a significant performance gap in alignment between English and other languages. To bridge this gap, existing research typically leverages the model's responses in English as a reference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are susceptible to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks, where malicious instructions in retrieved content hijack the agent's execution. Existing defenses typically rely on strict filtering or refusal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Che Wang , Fuyao Zhang , Jiaming Zhang , Ziqi Zhang , Yinghui Wang , Longtao Huang , Jianbo Gao , Zhong Chen , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) increasingly rely on preference alignment to ensure reliability, which steers the model behavior via preference fine-tuning on preference data structured as ``image - winner text - loser text'' triplets.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kejia Chen , Jiawen Zhang , Jiacong Hu , Jiazhen Yang , Jian Lou , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Reward modeling, crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, is often bottlenecked by the high cost of preference data. Existing textual data synthesis methods are computationally expensive. We propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Leitian Tao , Xuefeng Du , Sharon Li

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for enhancing their utility in terms of helpfulness, truthfulness, safety, harmlessness, and interestingness. Existing methods for achieving this alignment often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Muling Wu , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji

Adapting large language models (LLMs) for personalized recommendation requires aligning their general-purpose capabilities with user-specific preferences while effectively leveraging both behavioral and semantic signals. Existing approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingjun Pan , Tingting Zhou , Peiyao Lu , Tingting Fei , Hongxiang Chen , Chuanjiang Luo

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang

Alignment is a crucial step to enhance the instruction-following and conversational abilities of language models. Despite many recent work proposing new algorithms, datasets, and training pipelines, there is a lack of comprehensive studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Xiao Yu , Qingyang Wu , Yu Li , Zhou Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing but exhibit significant performance gaps among different languages. Most existing approaches to address these disparities rely on pretraining or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Personalized alignment is essential for enabling large language models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric dialogue. While recent prompt-based and offline optimization methods offer preliminary solutions, they fall short in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Haixiao Liu , Biye Li , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Post-training alignment has increasingly become a crucial factor in enhancing the usability of language models (LMs). However, the strength of alignment varies depending on individual preferences. This paper proposes a method to incorporate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wenhong Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Rui Wang