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Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in image generation, but their increasing deployment raises serious concerns about privacy. In particular, fine-tuned models are highly vulnerable, as they are often fine-tuned on small and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Puwei Lian , Yujun Cai , Songze Li , Bingkun Bao

Among all privacy attacks against Machine Learning (ML), membership inference attacks (MIA) attracted the most attention. In these attacks, the attacker is given an ML model and a data point, and they must infer whether the data point was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bram van Dartel , Marc Damie , Florian Hahn

Membership inference attack (MIA) has become one of the most widely used and effective methods for evaluating the privacy risks of machine learning models. These attacks aim to determine whether a specific sample is part of the model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jing Xue , Zhishen Sun , Haishan Ye , Luo Luo , Xiangyu Chang , Ivor Tsang , Guang Dai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on tabular data, which, unlike unstructured text, often contains personally identifiable information (PII) in a highly structured and explicit format. As a result, privacy risks arise,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Daniel Samira , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

OpenLVLM-MIA is a new benchmark that highlights fundamental challenges in evaluating membership inference attacks (MIA) against large vision-language models (LVLMs). While prior work has reported high attack success rates, our analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ryoto Miyamoto , Xin Fan , Fuyuko Kido , Tsuneo Matsumoto , Hayato Yamana

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive corpora that may contain sensitive information, creating privacy risks under membership inference attacks (MIAs). Knowledge distillation is widely used to compress LLMs into smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ziyao Cui , Minxing Zhang , Jian Pei

Safety classifiers are essential safeguards within generative AI systems, filtering harmful content or identifying at-risk users when interacting with large language models. Despite their necessity, these models are trained on sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anthony Hughes , Alexander Goldberg , Prince Jha , Adam Perer , Nikolaos Aletras , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Small language models (SLMs) are increasingly valued for their efficiency and deployability in resource-constrained environments, making them useful for on-device, privacy-sensitive, and edge computing applications. On the other hand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Roya Arkhmammadova , Hosein Madadi Tamar , M. Emre Gursoy

An over-the-air membership inference attack (MIA) is presented to leak private information from a wireless signal classifier. Machine learning (ML) provides powerful means to classify wireless signals, e.g., for PHY-layer authentication. As…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yi Shi , Yalin E. Sagduyu

This paper presents how to leak private information from a wireless signal classifier by launching an over-the-air membership inference attack (MIA). As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to process wireless signals to make decisions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-26 Yi Shi , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to identify specific data samples within the private training dataset of machine learning models, leading to serious privacy violations and other sophisticated threats. Many practical black-box MIAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jihye Choi , Shruti Tople , Varun Chandrasekaran , Somesh Jha

A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a target machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were part of the training set. State-of-the-art MIAs rely on training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuntao Du , Yuetian Chen , Hanshen Xiao , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li

Recent work shows membership inference attacks (MIAs) on large language models (LLMs) produce inconclusive results, partly due to difficulties in creating non-member datasets without temporal shifts. While researchers have turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ali Naseh , Niloofar Mireshghallah

The membership inference attack (MIA) is a popular paradigm for compromising the privacy of a machine learning (ML) model. MIA exploits the natural inclination of ML models to overfit upon the training data. MIAs are trained to distinguish…

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) pose a significant privacy risk by enabling adversaries to determine if a specific data point was part of a model's training set. This work empirically investigates whether MU algorithms can function as a…

As a long-term threat to the privacy of training data, membership inference attacks (MIAs) emerge ubiquitously in machine learning models. Existing works evidence strong connection between the distinguishability of the training and testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Dingfan Chen , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz

The pervasive deployment of deep learning models across critical domains has concurrently intensified privacy concerns due to their inherent propensity for data memorization. While Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) serve as the gold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chihan Huang , Huaijin Wang , Shuai Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), built on pre-trained vision encoders and large language models (LLMs), have shown exceptional multi-modal understanding and dialog capabilities, positioning them as catalysts for the next technological…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuke Hu , Zheng Li , Zhihao Liu , Yang Zhang , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIAs), which determine whether a given input is used for training the target model. While there have been many efforts to mitigate MIAs, they often suffer from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Zitao Chen , Karthik Pattabiraman

Training a machine learning model with data following a meaningful order, i.e., from easy to hard, has been proven to be effective in accelerating the training process and achieving better model performance. The key enabling technique is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joann Qiongna Chen , Xinlei He , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang , Zhou Li