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While state-of-the-art language models have achieved impressive results, they remain susceptible to inference-time adversarial attacks, such as adversarial prompts generated by red teams arXiv:2209.07858. One approach proposed to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Steffi Chern , Zhen Fan , Andy Liu

Multi-agent debate has proven effective in improving large language models quality for reasoning and factuality tasks. While various role-playing strategies in multi-agent debates have been explored, in terms of the communication among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yunxuan Li , Yibing Du , Jiageng Zhang , Le Hou , Peter Grabowski , Yeqing Li , Eugene Ie

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems improve LLM reasoning through iterative deliberation, but remain vulnerable to debate collapse, a failure type where final agent decisions are compromised on erroneous reasoning. Existing methods lack…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Joseph Costa , Yingxue Zhang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse NLP tasks. Extensive research has explored how to enhance the logical reasoning abilities such as Chain-of-Thought, Chain-of-Thought with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tongxuan Liu , Xingyu Wang , Weizhe Huang , Wenjiang Xu , Yuting Zeng , Lei Jiang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) underscore their potential for responding to inquiries in various domains. However, ensuring that generative agents provide accurate and reliable answers remains an ongoing challenge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Andries Smit , Paul Duckworth , Nathan Grinsztajn , Thomas D. Barrett , Arnu Pretorius

Multi-Agent Debate~(MAD) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving the performance of large language models through collaborative reasoning. Despite recent advances, the key factors driving MAD's effectiveness remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Multi-agent debate - multiple instances of large language models discussing problems in turn-based interaction - has shown promise for solving knowledge and reasoning tasks. However, these methods show limitations when solving complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jonas Becker , Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Andreas Stephan , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Large language models (LLMs) often display sycophancy, a tendency toward excessive agreeability. This behavior poses significant challenges for multi-agent debating systems (MADS) that rely on productive disagreement to refine arguments and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Binwei Yao , Chao Shang , Wanyu Du , Jianfeng He , Ruixue Lian , Yi Zhang , Hang Su , Sandesh Swamy , Yanjun Qi

Multiagent collaboration has emerged as a promising framework for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Despite improvements in reasoning, the approach introduces substantial computational overhead resulting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Evelyn Hayoon Zi , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

In an era where single large language models have dominated the landscape of artificial intelligence for years, multi-agent systems arise as new protagonists in conversational task-solving. While previous studies have showcased their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jonas Becker

Multi-agent debate (MAD) aims to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning by letting multiple agents exchange answers and then aggregate their opinions. Yet recent studies reveal that agents are not neutral: they are prone to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has recently emerged as a promising framework for improving the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). Yet, whether LLM agents can genuinely engage in deliberative reasoning, beyond simple ensembling…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Haolun Wu , Zhenkun Li , Lingyao Li

The remarkable growth in large language model (LLM) capabilities has spurred exploration into multi-agent systems, with debate frameworks emerging as a promising avenue for enhanced problem-solving. These multi-agent debate (MAD)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongjin Yang , Euiin Yi , Jongwoo Ko , Kimin Lee , Zhijing Jin , Se-Young Yun

Much of the success of multi-agent debates depends on carefully choosing the right parameters. The decision-making protocol stands out as it can highly impact final model answers, depending on how decisions are reached. Systematic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Jonas Becker , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional results on current benchmarks when working individually. The advancement in their capabilities, along with a reduction in parameter size and inference times, has facilitated the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Alfonso Amayuelas , Xianjun Yang , Antonis Antoniades , Wenyue Hua , Liangming Pan , William Wang

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), which excel at collaborative decision-making and complex problem-solving. Recently, researchers have further investigated Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhenghao Li , Zhi Zheng , Wei Chen , Jielun Zhao , Yong Chen , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Multi-agent AI systems can be used for simulating collective decision-making in scientific and practical applications. They can also be used to introduce a diverse group discussion step in chatbot pipelines, enhancing the cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Lav R. Varshney

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is widely used to improve large language model (LLM) performance through test-time scaling, yet recent work shows that vanilla MAD often underperforms simple majority vote despite higher computational cost. Studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xiaochen Zhu , Caiqi Zhang , Yizhou Chi , Tom Stafford , Nigel Collier , Andreas Vlachos

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is an emerging approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing MAD methods rely on multiple rounds of interaction among agents to reach consensus, and the final output is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Haibin Zhang , Licheng Wang , Cong Zuo

Multi-agent debate, where teams of LLMs iteratively exchange rationales and vote on answers, is widely deployed under the assumption that peer review filters hallucinations. Yet the failure dynamics of homogeneous debate remain poorly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Blaž Bertalanič , Carolina Fortuna
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