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As the world becomes increasingly saturated with AI-generated content, disinformation, and algorithmic persuasion, critical thinking - the capacity to evaluate evidence, detect unreliable claims, and exercise independent judgment - is…

This research prepares an automatic pipeline for generating reliable question-answer (Q&A) tests using AI chatbots. We automatically generated a GPT-4o-mini-based Q&A test for a Natural Language Processing course and evaluated its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Anna Wróblewska , Bartosz Grabek , Jakub Świstak , Daniel Dan

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge the validity of traditional open-ended assessments by blurring the lines of authorship. While recent research has focused on the accuracy of automated scoring (AES), these static approaches fail to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tom Lee , Sihoon Lee , Seonghun Kim

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

The advent and fast development of neural networks have revolutionized the research on dialogue systems and subsequently have triggered various challenges regarding their automatic evaluation. Automatic evaluation of open-domain dialogue…

The manual assessment and grading of student writing is a time-consuming yet critical task for teachers. Recent developments in generative AI, such as large language models, offer potential solutions to facilitate essay-scoring tasks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kathrin Seßler , Maurice Fürstenberg , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has raised concerns about their potential impact on academic integrity, prompting the need for LLM-resistant exam designs. This article investigates the performance of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Simon kaare Larsen

Artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) can now generate coherent text, music, and images, yet they operate without a persistent state: each inference reconstructs context from scratch. This paper introduces…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Stefano Natangelo

Large language models can generate long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet prior work suggests that CoT can be post-hoc rationalization rather than a faithful reflection of the computation through explicitly designed settings. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiachen Zhao , Yiyou Sun , Weiyan Shi , Dawn Song

Item Response Theory becomes an increasingly important tool when analyzing ``Big Data'' gathered from online educational venues. However, the mechanism was originally developed in traditional exam settings, and several of its assumptions…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-05-29 Gerd Kortemeyer

Recently published work titled Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt When Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task by Kosmyna et al. (2025) has sparked a vivid debate on the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Milos Stankovic , Ella Hirche , Sarah Kollatzsch , Julia Nadine Doetsch

The primary goal of this study is to develop and evaluate an innovative prompting technique, AnaQuest, for generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) using a pre-trained large language model. In AnaQuest, the choice items are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Machi Shimmei , Masaki Uto , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Kentaro Inui , Aditi Mallavarapu , Noboru Matsuda

This study investigated potential scoring biases and disparities toward English Language Learners (ELLs) when using automatic scoring systems for middle school students' written responses to science assessments. We specifically focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shuchen Guo , Yun Wang , Jichao Yu , Xuansheng Wu , Bilgehan Ayik , Field M. Watts , Ehsan Latif , Ninghao Liu , Lei Liu , Xiaoming Zhai

With the rise of prolific ChatGPT, the risk and consequences of AI-generated text has increased alarmingly. To address the inevitable question of ownership attribution for AI-generated artifacts, the US Copyright Office released a statement…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in formal theorem proving, particularly on contest-based mathematical benchmarks like the IMO. However, these contests do not reflect the depth,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiedong Jiang , Wanyi He , Yuefeng Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Yongle Hu , Jingting Wang , Nailin Guan , Peihao Wu , Chunbo Dai , Liang Xiao , Bin Dong

The topic-to-essay generation task is a challenging natural language generation task that aims to generate paragraph-level text with high semantic coherence based on a given set of topic words. Previous work has focused on the introduction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jieyong Wang , Chunyao Song , Yihao Wu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in medical applications requires fact-checking capabilities to ensure patient safety and regulatory compliance. We introduce MedFact, a challenging Chinese medical fact-checking benchmark with 2,116…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayi He , Yangmin Huang , Qianyun Du , Xiangying Zhou , Zhiyang He , Jiaxue Hu , Xiaodong Tao , Lixian Lai

Ancient Chinese text processing presents unique challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to its distinct linguistic features, complex structural constraints, and rich cultural context. While existing benchmarks have primarily focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shangqing Zhao , Yuhao Zhou , Yupei Ren , Zhe Chen , Chenghao Jia , Fang Zhe , Zhaogaung Long , Shu Liu , Man Lan

With the launch of ChatGPT, serious concerns have reasonably been raised of its ill-effect on the integrity of remote take-home exams. By way of mitigating the concern, in this study, a rather straightforward Artificial-Intelligence…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-06-06 P G Kubendran Amos