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This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a complementary tool for grading essay-type questions in higher education, focusing on its consistency with human grading and potential to reduce biases. Using 70 handwritten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Francisco Olivos , Tobias Kamelski , Sebastián Ascui-Gac

As the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation tasks proliferates, concerns arise over their potential to compromise academic integrity. The education sector currently tussles with distinguishing student-authored homework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Christoforos Vasilatos , Manaar Alam , Talal Rahwan , Yasir Zaki , Michail Maniatakos

We present the shared task on artificial text detection in Russian, which is organized as a part of the Dialogue Evaluation initiative, held in 2022. The shared task dataset includes texts from 14 text generators, i.e., one human writer and…

The release of the large language model based chatbot ChatGPT in November 2022 has brought considerable attention to the subject of artificial intelligence, not only in the public. From the perspective of higher education, ChatGPT…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Nicolas Schwenke , Heinrich Söbke , Eckhard Kraft

Providing explainable and faithful feedback is crucial for automated student answer assessment. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that explores using ChatGPT, a cutting-edge large language model, for the concurrent tasks of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jiazheng Li , Lin Gui , Yuxiang Zhou , David West , Cesare Aloisi , Yulan He

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in verbal creative tasks. However, previous assessments of the creative capabilities of LLMs remain weakly grounded in human creativity theory and are thus hard to interpret. The widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kumiko Nakajima , Jan Zuiderveld , Sandro Pezzelle

Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

Constructed-response (CR) questions are a mainstay of introductory physics textbooks and exams. However, because of time, cost, and scoring reliability constraints associated with this format, CR questions are being increasingly replaced by…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-06-22 Aaron D. Slepkov , Ralph C. Shiell

Developers often opt for easier but non-optimal implementation to meet deadlines or create rapid prototypes, leading to additional effort known as technical debt to improve the code later. Oftentimes, developers explicitly document the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ibuki Nakamura , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bin Lin , Hajimu Iida

Evaluating the abilities of learners is a fundamental objective in the field of education. In particular, there is an increasing need to assess higher-order abilities such as expressive skills and logical thinking. Constructed-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Masaki Uto , Yuma Ito

Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a student or an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lorenz Mindner , Tim Schlippe , Kristina Schaaff

Assessing communication and collaboration at scale depends on a labor-intensive task of coding communication data into categories according to different frameworks. Prior research has established that ChatGPT can be directly instructed with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiangang Hao , Wenju Cui , Patrick Kyllonen , Emily Kerzabi

The rapid proliferation of ChatGPT has incited debates regarding its impact on human writing. Amid concerns about declining writing standards, this study investigates the role of ChatGPT in facilitating academic writing, especially among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sharin Jacob , Tamara Tate , Mark Warschauer

The Automated Verification of Textual Claims (AVeriTeC) shared task asks participants to retrieve evidence and predict veracity for real-world claims checked by fact-checkers. Evidence can be found either via a search engine, or via a…

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the associated dollar costs of API calls can fluctuate over time, potentially invalidating conclusions drawn in prior research. To address this, we propose a Fair Evaluation protocol for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pavel Rumiantsev , Soumyasundar Pal , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

We investigate whether contemporary multimodal LLMs can assist with grading open-ended calculus at scale without eroding validity. In a large first-year exam, students' handwritten work was graded by GPT-5 against the same rubric used by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Gerd Kortemeyer , Alexander Caspar , Daria Horica

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) technology have enabled systems to generate speech that is often indistinguishable from human speech, bringing benefits to accessibility, content creation, and human-computer interaction. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Yifan Yang , Hui Wang , Bing Han , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Yong Qin , Xie Chen

Translating literary works has perennially stood as an elusive dream in machine translation (MT), a journey steeped in intricate challenges. To foster progress in this domain, we hold a new shared task at WMT 2023, the first edition of the…

Student responses in STEM assessments are often handwritten and combine symbolic expressions, calculations, and diagrams, creating substantial variation in format and interpretation. Despite their importance for evaluating students'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xiuxiu Tang , G. Alex Ambrose , Ying Cheng

Abstracting Gradual Typing (AGT) is a systematic approach to designing gradually-typed languages. Languages developed using AGT automatically satisfy the formal semantic criteria for gradual languages identified by Siek et al. [2015].…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Felipe Bañados Schwerter , Alison M. Clark , Khurram A. Jafery , Ronald Garcia