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Machine unlearning is essential for meeting legal obligations such as the right to be forgotten, which requires the removal of specific data from machine learning models upon request. While several approaches to unlearning have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Maximilian Egger , Rawad Bitar , Rüdiger Urbanke

Since the recent advent of regulations for data protection (e.g., the General Data Protection Regulation), there has been increasing demand in deleting information learned from sensitive data in pre-trained models without retraining from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sungmin Cha , Sungjun Cho , Dasol Hwang , Honglak Lee , Taesup Moon , Moontae Lee

Foundation models have transformed multimedia analysis by enabling robust and transferable representations across diverse modalities and tasks. However, their static deployment conflicts with growing societal and regulatory demands --…

Privacy laws and regulations enforce data-driven systems, e.g., recommender systems, to erase the data that concern individuals. As machine learning models potentially memorize the training data, data erasure should also unlearn the data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Yuyuan Li , Xiaolin Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Junlin Liu

The growing legal and ethical scrutiny of large language models (LLMs) necessitates effective machine unlearning, particularly for sensitive or unauthorized data. Existing empirical methods often yield incomplete forgetting or unintended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ameya Anjarlekar , Sandeep Pombra

Large Language Models are typically trained on datasets collected from the web, which may inadvertently contain harmful or sensitive personal information. To address growing privacy concerns, unlearning methods have been proposed to remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaoyu Wu , Yifei Pang , Terrance Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ketaki Joshi , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Andre Wibisono , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

Machine unlearning methods aim to remove sensitive or unwanted content from trained models, but typically demand extensive model updates at significant computational cost while potentially degrading model performance on both related and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zikui Cai , Yaoteng Tan , M. Salman Asif

Machine Unlearning (MU) technology facilitates the removal of the influence of specific data instances from trained models on request. Despite rapid advancements in MU technology, its vulnerabilities are still underexplored, posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhihao Sui , Liang Hu , Jian Cao , Dora D. Liu , Usman Naseem , Zhongyuan Lai , Qi Zhang

Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Longxiang Gao , Yong Xiang

Meta-learning consists in learning learning algorithms. We use a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based network to learn to compute on-line updates of the parameters of another neural network. These parameters are stored in the cell state of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Tom Bosc

The inability to filter out in advance all potentially problematic data from the pre-training of large language models has given rise to the need for methods for unlearning specific pieces of knowledge after training. Existing techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Seyun Bae , Seokhan Lee , Eunho Yang

Machine unlearning for large language models often faces a privacy dilemma in which strict constraints prohibit sharing either the server's parameters or the client's forget set. To address this dual non-disclosure constraint, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tiantong Wang , Xinyu Yan , Tiantong Wu , Yurong Hao , Pengjun Xie , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Federated Learning (FL) is designed to protect the data privacy of each client during the training process by transmitting only models instead of the original data. However, the trained model may memorize certain information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Chen Wu , Sencun Zhu , Prasenjit Mitra

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across various applications, privacy and copyright concerns have heightened the need for more effective LLM unlearning techniques. Many existing unlearning methods aim to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tomoya Yamashita , Akira Ito , Yuuki Yamanaka , Masanori Yamada , Takayuki Miura , Toshiki Shibahara

Machine Unlearning (MUL) is crucial for privacy protection and content regulation, yet recent studies reveal that traces of forgotten information persist in unlearned models, enabling adversaries to resurface removed knowledge. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hao Xuan , Xingyu Li

Large language models may encode sensitive information or outdated knowledge that needs to be removed, to ensure responsible and compliant model responses. Unlearning has emerged as an efficient alternative to full retraining, aiming to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuefeng Peng , Parnian Afshar , Megan Ganji , Thomas Butler , Amir Houmansadr , Mingxian Wang , Dezhi Hong

The primary goal of continual learning (CL) task in medical image segmentation field is to solve the "catastrophic forgetting" problem, where the model totally forgets previously learned features when it is extended to new categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Qian Chen , Lei Zhu , Hangzhou He , Xinliang Zhang , Shuang Zeng , Qiushi Ren , Yanye Lu

Current unlearning methods for large language models usually rely on reverse optimization to reduce target token probabilities. However, this paradigm disrupts the subsequent tokens prediction, degrading model performance and linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoming Xu , Ningyuan Zhao , Liming Yang , Sendong Zhao , Shumin Deng , Mengru Wang , Bryan Hooi , Nay Oo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang