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I think that the main reason why we do not understand the general principles of how knowledge works (and probably also the reason why we have not yet designed and built efficient machines capable of artificial intelligence), is not the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Devis Pantano

Automated visualization design navigates a tension between symbolic systems and generative models. Constraint solvers enforce structural and perceptual validity, but the rules they require are difficult to author and too rigid to capture…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Péter Ferenc Gyarmati , Dominik Moritz , Torsten Möller , Laura Koesten

Generalization to out-of-distribution data has been a problem for Visual Question Answering (VQA) models. To measure generalization to novel questions, we propose to separate them into "skills" and "concepts". "Skills" are visual tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Spencer Whitehead , Hui Wu , Heng Ji , Rogerio Feris , Kate Saenko

Natural language is characterized by compositionality: the meaning of a complex expression is constructed from the meanings of its constituent parts. To facilitate the evaluation of the compositional abilities of language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Najoung Kim , Tal Linzen

Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires models to reason over multimodal information, combining visual and textual data. With the development of continual learning, significant progress has been made in retaining knowledge and adapting to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhifei Li , Yiran Wang , Chenyi Xiong , Yujing Xia , Xiaoju Hou , Yue Zhao , Miao Zhang , Kui Xiao , Bing Yang

Existing benchmarks often highlight the remarkable performance achieved by state-of-the-art Multimodal Foundation Models (MFMs) in leveraging temporal context for video understanding. However, how well do the models truly perform visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziyao Shangguan , Chuhan Li , Yuxuan Ding , Yanan Zheng , Yilun Zhao , Tesca Fitzgerald , Arman Cohan

As the field progresses toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), there is a pressing need for more comprehensive and insightful evaluation frameworks that go beyond aggregate performance metrics. This paper introduces a unified rating…

Generating coherent and communicative visual sequences, such as image sequences and videos, remains a significant challenge for current multimodal systems. Despite advances in visual quality and the integration of world knowledge, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chutian Meng , Fan Ma , Chi Zhang , Jiaxu Miao , Yi Yang , Yueting Zhuang

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to construct self-contained chunks of knowledge and adequately reuse them in novel combinations for solving different yet structurally related problems. Learning such compositional structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Jorge A. Mendez , Eric Eaton

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models have driven breakthroughs in visual question answering. Yet, a critical gap persists, `conceptualization'-the ability to recognize and reason about the same concept despite variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zahra Babaiee , Peyman M. Kiasari , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

According to the principle of compositional generalization, the meaning of a complex expression can be understood as a function of the meaning of its parts and of how they are combined. This principle is crucial for human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sungjun Han , Sebastian Padó

We introduce a framework for learning robust visual representations that generalize to new viewpoints, backgrounds, and scene contexts. Discriminative models often learn naturally occurring spurious correlations, which cause them to fail on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Chengzhi Mao , Augustine Cha , Amogh Gupta , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang , Carl Vondrick

Deriving inference from heterogeneous inputs (such as images, text, and audio) is an important skill for humans to perform day-to-day tasks. A similar ability is desirable for the development of advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Mutsumi Nakamura , Shankar Kailas , Kartik Aggarwal , Mandy Zhou , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Systematic compositionality, or the ability to adapt to novel situations by creating a mental model of the world using reusable pieces of knowledge, remains a significant challenge in machine learning. While there has been considerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yeongbin Kim , Gautam Singh , Junyeong Park , Caglar Gulcehre , Sungjin Ahn

In the last few years the systematic adoption of deep learning to visual generation has produced impressive results that, amongst others, definitely benefit from the massive exploration of convolutional architectures. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Giuseppe Marra , Francesco Giannini , Michelangelo Diligenti , Marco Gori

Compositional reasoning is a hallmark of human visual intelligence. Yet, despite the size of large vision-language models, they struggle to represent simple compositions by combining objects with their attributes. To measure this lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Arijit Ray , Filip Radenovic , Abhimanyu Dubey , Bryan A. Plummer , Ranjay Krishna , Kate Saenko

Vision systems to see and reason about the compositional nature of visual scenes are fundamental to understanding our world. The complex relations between objects and their locations, ambiguities, and variations in the real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Muhammad Awais , Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Hisham Cholakkal , Mubarak Shah , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Learning structured representations of visual scenes is currently a major bottleneck to bridging perception with reasoning. While there has been exciting progress with slot-based models, which learn to segment scenes into sets of objects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 James C. R. Whittington , Rishabh Kabra , Loic Matthey , Christopher P. Burgess , Alexander Lerchner

Prior work has shown that text-conditioned diffusion models can learn to identify and manipulate primitive concepts underlying a compositional data-generating process, enabling generalization to entirely novel, out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yongyi Yang , Core Francisco Park , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Maya Okawa , Wei Hu , Hidenori Tanaka

Compositional generalization is a basic mechanism in human language learning, which current neural networks struggle with. A recently proposed Disentangled sequence-to-sequence model (Dangle) shows promising generalization capability by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hao Zheng , Mirella Lapata