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A generic property of biological, social and economical networks is their ability to evolve in time, creating and suppressing interactions. We approach this issue within the framework of an adaptive network of agents playing a Prisoner's…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-10-20 Martin G. Zimmermann , Victor M. Eguiluz , Maxi San Miguel

The nodes of a regular two-dimensional lattice play a game based on the joint action of two distinct levels. At the first step of the game, using a random prescription half players are assigned the cooperation and half the defection state.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-02 Korosh Mahmoodi , Paolo Grigolini

Cooperation can be supported by indirect reciprocity via reputation.Thanks to gossip, reputations are built and circulated and humans can identify defectors and ostracise them. However, the evolutionary stability of gossip is allegedly…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-01 Francesca Giardini , Daniele Vilone

A simple model for cooperation between "selfish" agents, which play an extended version of the Prisoner's Dilemma(PD) game, in which they use arbitrary payoffs, is presented and studied. A continuous variable, representing the probability…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Fort

It is increasingly important that LLM agents interact effectively and safely with other goal-pursuing agents, yet, recent works report the opposite trend: LLMs with stronger reasoning capabilities behave _less_ cooperatively in mixed-motive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Emanuel Tewolde , Xiao Zhang , David Guzman Piedrahita , Vincent Conitzer , Zhijing Jin

Observable social traits determine how we interact in society and remain pervasive even in our globalized world. While a popular hypothesis states that they may help promote cooperation, the alternative explanation that they facilitate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-14 Juan Ozaita , Andrea Baronchelli , Angel Sánchez

We consider two-player iterated survival games in which players may switch from a more cooperative behavior to a less cooperative one at some step of the game. Payoffs are survival probabilities and lone individuals have to finish the game…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-18 Olivier Salagnac , John Wakeley

The emergence of cooperation among self-interested agents has been a key concern of the multi-agent systems community for decades. With the increased importance of network-mediated interaction, researchers have shifted the attention on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-09 Jacques Bara , Paolo Turrini , Giulia Andrighetto

We consider agents in a social network competing to be selected as partners in collaborative, mutually beneficial activities. We study this through a model in which an agent i can initiate a limited number k_i>0 of games and selects the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Timothy Murray , Jugal Garg , Rakesh Nagi

In real-world social systems, individual interactions are frequently shaped by reputation, which not only influences partner selection but also affects the nature and benefits of the interactions themselves. We propose a heterogeneous game…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hongyu Yue , Xiaojin Xiong , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

Learning in games refers to scenarios where multiple players interact in a shared environment, each aiming to minimize their regret. An equilibrium can be computed at a fast rate of $O(1/T)$ when all players follow the optimistic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taira Tsuchiya , Shinji Ito , Haipeng Luo

Exploiting others is beneficial individually but it could also be detrimental globally. The reverse is also true: a higher cooperation level may change the environment in a way that is beneficial for all competitors. To explore the possible…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-23 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

The pursuit of highest payoffs in evolutionary social dilemmas is risky and sometimes inferior to conformity. Choosing the most common strategy within the interaction range is safer because it ensures that the payoff of an individual will…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-12-23 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Repeated interactions are ubiquitous and known to promote social behaviour. While research often focuses on cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma, experimental evidence suggests repeated interactions also foster fairness. This study…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-07 Prosanta Mandal , Arunava Patra , Sagar Chakraborty

From ant-acacia mutualism to performative conflict resolution among Inuit, dedicated punishments between distinct subsets of a population are widespread and can reshape the evolutionary trajectory of cooperation. Existing studies have…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-16 Sinan Feng , Genjiu Xu , Yu Chen , Chaoqian Wang , Attila Szolnoki

Indirect reciprocity unveils how social cooperation is founded upon moral systems. Within the frame of dyadic games based on individual reputations, the "leading-eight" strategies distinguish themselves in promoting and sustaining…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-22 Ming Wei , Xin Wang , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Yishen Jiang , Yajing Hao , Zhiming Zheng , Feng Fu , Shaoting Tang

The understanding of cooperative behavior in social systems has been the subject of intense research over the past decades. In this regard, the theoretical models used to explain cooperation in human societies have been complemented with a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-15 Chengyi Xia , Carlos Gracia-Lázaro , Yamir Moreno

Here we study the effects of adopting different strategies against different opponent instead of adopting the same strategy against all of them in the prisoner dilemma structured in well-mixed populations. We consider an evolutionary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-14 Lucas Wardil , Jafferson K. L. da Silva

Despite recent advances in reputation technologies, it is not clear how reputation systems can affect human cooperation in social networks. Although it is known that two of the major mechanisms in the evolution of cooperation are spatial…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-01-24 Tatsuya Sasaki , Hitoshi Yamamoto , Isamu Okada , Satoshi Uchida

We consider a community of users who must make periodic decisions about whether to interact with one another. We propose a protocol which allows honest users to reliably interact with each other, while limiting the damage done by each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-06 Paul Christiano