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Despite their impressive capacities, Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with the hallucination issue of generating inaccurate or fabricated content even when they possess correct knowledge. In this paper, we extend the exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Jialiang Wu , Yi Shen , Sijia Liu , Yi Tang , Sen Song , Xiaoyi Wang , Longjun Cai

Detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs is pivotal, yet traditional fine-tuning for this classification task is impeded by the expensive and quickly outdated annotation process, especially across numerous vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Dongxu Zhang , Varun Gangal , Barrett Martin Lattimer , Yi Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating plausible yet incorrect responses, known as hallucinations. Effectively detecting hallucinations is therefore crucial for the safe deployment of LLMs. Recent research has linked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Litian Liu , Reza Pourreza , Sunny Panchal , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Yubing Jian , Yao Qin , Roland Memisevic

Large Language Models (LLMs) often hallucinate, generating content inconsistent with the input. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) can mitigate hallucinations but require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yifan Zhu , Huiqiang Rong , Haoran Luo

Hallucinations of vision-language models (VLMs), which are misalignments between visual content and generated text, undermine the reliability of VLMs. One common approach for detecting them employs the same VLM, or a different one, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ofir Azachi , Kfir Eliyahu , Eyal El Ani , Rom Himelstein , Roi Reichart , Yuval Pinter , Nitay Calderon

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant challenge, generating misleading or unverifiable content that undermines trust and reliability. Existing evaluation methods, such as KnowHalu, employ multi-stage verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chenggong Zhang , Haopeng Wang , Hexi Meng

Hallucinations are a persistent problem with Large Language Models (LLMs). As these models become increasingly used in high-stakes domains, such as healthcare and finance, the need for effective hallucination detection is crucial. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

Detecting whether an LLM hallucinates is an important research challenge. One promising way of doing so is to estimate the semantic entropy (Farquhar et al., 2024) of the distribution of generated sequences. We propose a new algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Kamil Ciosek , Nicolò Felicioni , Sina Ghiassian

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate factually incorrect outputs, commonly termed hallucinations, that undermine trust and limit deployment in high-stakes settings. Existing hallucination detection methods typically require multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mattia J. Villani , Pranav Deshpande , Akshay Seshadri , Romina Yalovetzky , Niraj Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly deployed in real-world applications, but they remain susceptible to hallucinations, which produce fluent yet incorrect responses and lead to erroneous decision-making. Uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Huan Ma , Jiadong Pan , Jing Liu , Yan Chen , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Guangyu Wang , Qinghua Hu , Hua Wu , Changqing Zhang , Haifeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) offer transformative potential for high-stakes domains like finance and law, but their tendency to hallucinate, generating factually incorrect or unsupported content, poses a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ahmad Pesaranghader , Erin Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) integrate image encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs) to process multi-modal inputs and perform complex visual tasks. However, they often generate hallucinations by describing non-existent objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yaqi Sun , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

Hallucinations in Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs) pose significant risks, yet existing detection methods typically rely on gold-standard outputs that are costly or impractical to obtain. Moreover, hallucination detection methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jonas Waldendorf , Bashar Awwad Shiekh Hasan , Evgenii Tsymbalov

Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in various tasks, such as answering questions through retrieval-augmented generation. Context can be retrieved using a vectorized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ming Cheung

Uncertainty estimation is a necessary component when implementing AI in high-risk settings, such as autonomous cars, medicine, or insurances. Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but they are subject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Gabriel Y. Arteaga , Thomas B. Schön , Nicolas Pielawski

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and describing visual content, achieving state-of-the-art performance across various vision-language tasks. However, these models often generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Kazi Hasan Ibn Arif , Sajib Acharjee Dip , Khizar Hussain , Lang Zhang , Chris Thomas

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung