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Deep learning methods have demonstrated promising results in predicting BI-RADS scores from mammography images. However, the interpretation of these images can vary, leading to discrepancies even among radiologists. Given the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Halil Ibrahim Gulluk , Olivier Gevaert

Annually and globally, over three billion radiography examinations and computer tomography scans result in mostly unstructured radiology reports containing free text. Despite the potential benefits of structured reporting, its adoption is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Daniel Reichenpfader , Jonas Knupp , André Sander , Kerstin Denecke

We present RASO, a foundation model designed to Recognize Any Surgical Object, offering robust open-set recognition capabilities across a broad range of surgical procedures and object classes, in both surgical images and videos. RASO…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jiajie Li , Brian R Quaranto , Chenhui Xu , Ishan Mishra , Ruiyang Qin , Dancheng Liu , Peter C W Kim , Jinjun Xiong

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) is drawing increasing interest for its ability to minimize manual annotation requirements while enhancing semantic understanding in downstream tasks. However, its reliance on image-text datasets poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sinuo Wang , Yutong Xie , Yuyuan Liu , Qi Wu

Multimodal clinical data are characterized by high dimensionality, heterogeneous representations, and structured missingness, posing significant challenges for predictive modeling, data integration, and interpretability. We propose BIONIC…

Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have attracted interest in their generalization capability with only a few samples in the prompt. This progress is particularly relevant to the medical domain, where the quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Seonhee Cho , Choonghan Kim , Jiho Lee , Chetan Chilkunda , Sujin Choi , Joo Heung Yoon

Procedural case logs are a core requirement in radiology training, yet they are time-consuming to complete and prone to inconsistency when authored manually. This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) can automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nafiz Imtiaz Khan , Kylie Cleland , Vladimir Filkov , Roger Eric Goldman

In medical reporting, the accuracy of radiological reports, whether generated by humans or machine learning algorithms, is critical. We tackle a new task in this paper: image-conditioned autocorrection of inaccuracies within these reports.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Arnold Caleb Asiimwe , Dídac Surís , Pranav Rajpurkar , Carl Vondrick

Purpose: To develop high throughput multi-label annotators for body (chest, abdomen, and pelvis) Computed Tomography (CT) reports that can be applied across a variety of abnormalities, organs, and disease states. Approach: We used a…

Medical Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising clinical performance. However, their sensitivity to real-world input perturbations, such as imaging artifacts and textual errors, critically undermines their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Dunyuan XU , Xikai Yang , Yaoqian Li , Juzheng Miao , Jinpeng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng

With the rising global burden of chronic diseases and the multimodal and heterogeneous clinical data (medical imaging, free-text recordings, wearable sensor streams, etc.), there is an urgent need for a unified multimodal AI framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dingxin Lu , Shurui Wu , Xinyi Huang

Radiology reports are invaluable for clinical decision-making and hold great potential for automated analysis when structured into machine-readable formats. These reports often contain uncertainty, which we categorize into two distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Paloma Rabaey , Jong Hak Moon , Jung-Oh Lee , Min Gwan Kim , Hangyul Yoon , Thomas Demeester , Edward Choi

Foundation models, often pre-trained with large-scale data, have achieved paramount success in jump-starting various vision and language applications. Recent advances further enable adapting foundation models in downstream tasks efficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Dequan Wang , Xiaosong Wang , Lilong Wang , Mengzhang Li , Qian Da , Xiaoqiang Liu , Xiangyu Gao , Jun Shen , Junjun He , Tian Shen , Qi Duan , Jie Zhao , Kang Li , Yu Qiao , Shaoting Zhang

Mammography report generation is a critical yet underexplored task in medical AI, characterized by challenges such as multiview image reasoning, high-resolution visual cues, and unstructured radiologic language. In this work, we introduce…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Nak-Jun Sung , Donghyun Lee , Bo Hwa Choi , Chae Jung Park

The lack of annotated datasets is a major bottleneck for training new task-specific supervised machine learning models, considering that manual annotation is extremely expensive and time-consuming. To address this problem, we present MONAI…

We present ROBOTO2, an open-source, web-based platform for large language model (LLM)-assisted risk of bias (ROB) assessment of clinical trials. ROBOTO2 streamlines the traditionally labor-intensive ROB v2 (ROB2) annotation process via an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Anthony Hevia , Sanjana Chintalapati , Veronica Ka Wai Lai , Thanh Tam Nguyen , Wai-Tat Wong , Terry Klassen , Lucy Lu Wang

Cardiac substructure delineation is emerging in treatment planning to minimize the risk of radiation-induced heart disease. Deep learning offers efficient methods to reduce contouring burden but currently lacks generalizability across…

Deep learning in small and imbalanced biomedical datasets remains fundamentally constrained by unstable optimization and poor generalization. We present the first biomedical implementation of FOSSIL (Flexible Optimization via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sahng-Min Han , Minjae Kim , Jinho Cha , Se-woon Choe , Eunchan Daniel Cha , Jungwon Choi , Kyudong Jung

In chest X-ray (CXR) image analysis, rule-based systems are usually employed to extract labels from reports for dataset releases. However, there is still room for improvement in label quality. These labelers typically output only presence…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Ricardo Bigolin Lanfredi , Pritam Mukherjee , Ronald Summers

Most natural language tasks in the radiology domain use language models pre-trained on biomedical corpus. There are few pretrained language models trained specifically for radiology, and fewer still that have been trained in a low data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Rikhiya Ghosh , Sanjeev Kumar Karn , Manuela Daniela Danu , Larisa Micu , Ramya Vunikili , Oladimeji Farri