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Pointing serves as a fundamental and intuitive mechanism for grounding language within visual contexts, with applications spanning robotics, assistive technologies, and interactive AI systems. While recent multimodal models have started to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Long Cheng , Jiafei Duan , Yi Ru Wang , Haoquan Fang , Boyang Li , Yushan Huang , Elvis Wang , Ainaz Eftekhar , Jason Lee , Wentao Yuan , Rose Hendrix , Noah A. Smith , Fei Xia , Dieter Fox , Ranjay Krishna

Recent large language models (LLMs) have shown strong reasoning capabilities. However, a critical question remains: do these models possess genuine strategic reasoning, or do they primarily excel at pattern recognition? To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jincheng Liu , Sijun He , Jingjing Wu , Xiangsen Wang , Yang Chen , Zhaoqi Kuang , Siqi Bao , Yuan Yao

Current research on agentic visual reasoning enables deep multimodal understanding but primarily focuses on image manipulation tools, leaving a gap toward more general-purpose agentic models. In this work, we revisit the geolocalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yikun Wang , Zuyan Liu , Ziyi Wang , Han Hu , Pengfei Liu , Yongming Rao

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Top-view perspective denotes a typical way in which humans read and reason over different types of maps, and it is vital for localization and navigation of humans as well as of `non-human' agents, such as the ones backed by large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chengzu Li , Caiqi Zhang , Han Zhou , Nigel Collier , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

The emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has introduced new paradigms for global image geo-localization through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and reasoning-driven inference. However, RAG methods are constrained by retrieval…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bo Yu , Fengze Yang , Yiming Liu , Chao Wang , Xuewen Luo , Taozhe Li , Ruimin Ke , Xiaofan Zhou , Chenxi Liu

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models have driven breakthroughs in visual question answering. Yet, a critical gap persists, `conceptualization'-the ability to recognize and reason about the same concept despite variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zahra Babaiee , Peyman M. Kiasari , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to mimic human-like intelligence has led to a surge in LLM-based autonomous agents. Though recent LLMs seem capable of planning and reasoning given user instructions, their effectiveness in…

Geolocation is now a vital aspect of modern life, offering numerous benefits but also presenting serious privacy concerns. The advent of large vision-language models (LVLMs) with advanced image-processing capabilities introduces new risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yi Liu , Junchen Ding , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Tianwei Zhang , Weisong Sun , Yaowen Zheng , Jingquan Ge , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world fact-checking systems, yet existing evaluations focus predominantly on claim verification and overlook the broader fact-checking workflow, including claim extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Hongzhan Lin , Zixin Chen , Zhiqi Shen , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Jing Ma , Tat-Seng Chua , Guandong Xu

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been significantly accelerated by advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), gradually showcasing potential cognitive reasoning abilities in…

While numerous recent benchmarks focus on evaluating generic Vision-Language Models (VLMs), they do not effectively address the specific challenges of geospatial applications. Generic VLM benchmarks are not designed to handle the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Muhammad Sohail Danish , Muhammad Akhtar Munir , Syed Roshaan Ali Shah , Kartik Kuckreja , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Paolo Fraccaro , Alexandre Lacoste , Salman Khan

Recent advances in multimodal large language models(MLLMs) have led to remarkable progress in visual grounding, enabling fine-grained cross-modal alignment between textual queries and image regions. However, transferring such capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Peirong Zhang , Yidan Zhang , Luxiao Xu , Jinliang Lin , Zonghao Guo , Fengxiang Wang , Xue Yang , Kaiwen Wei , Lei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks and domains. Despite this promise, spatial understanding and reasoning -- a fundamental component of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiayu Wang , Yifei Ming , Zhenmei Shi , Vibhav Vineet , Xin Wang , Yixuan Li , Neel Joshi

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) must tightly couple multi-step reasoning with external actions, yet existing benchmarks often confound this interplay with complex environment dynamics, memorized knowledge or dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Wanjia Zhao , Ludwig Schmidt , James Zou , Vidhisha Balachandran , Lingjiao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable mathematical collaborators, but static benchmarks are no longer sufficient for evaluating progress: they are often narrow in scope, quickly saturated, and rarely updated. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jasper Dekoninck , Nikola Jovanović , Tim Gehrunger , Kári Rögnvaldsson , Ivo Petrov , Chenhao Sun , Martin Vechev

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have accelerated progress in domain-oriented AI, yet their development in geoscience and remote sensing (RS) remains constrained by distinctive challenges: wide-ranging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Aoran Xiao , Shihao Cheng , Yonghao Xu , Yexian Ren , Hongruixuan Chen , Naoto Yokoya

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang