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Due to its significance as a subroutine, in this work, we consider the coherent version of the quantum phase estimation problem, where given an arbitrary input state and black-box access to unitaries $U$ and controlled-$U$, the goal is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dhrumil Patel , Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Yigit Subasi , Andrew T. Sornborger

The quantum phase estimation (QPE) is one of the fundamental algorithms based on the quantum Fourier transform. It has applications in order-finding, factoring, and finding the eigenvalues of unitary operators. The major challenge in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Muhammad Faizan , Muhammad Faryad

We present an algorithm for efficiently approximating of qubit unitaries over gate sets derived from totally definite quaternion algebras. It achieves $\varepsilon$-approximations using circuits of length $O(\log(1/\varepsilon))$, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-16 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Jon Yard

We consider performing phase estimation under the following conditions: we are given only one copy of the input state, the input state does not have to be an eigenstate of the unitary, and the state must not be measured. Most quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Patrick Rall

We present a physical scheme for implementing quantum phase estimation via weakly coupled double quantum-dot molecules embedded in a microcavity. During the same process of implementation, we can also realize the calibration of a timepiece…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ping Dong , Zhuo-Liang Cao

We present a scalable formal verification methodology for Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) circuits. Our approach uses a symbolic qubit abstraction based on quantifier-free bit-vector logic, capturing key quantum phenomena, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Arun Govindankutty , Sudarshan K. Srinivasan

Due to the great difficulty in scalability, quantum computers are limited in the number of qubits during the early stages of the quantum computing regime. In addition to the required qubits for storing the corresponding eigenvector, suppose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-15 Chen-Fu Chiang

This paper is concerned with the phase estimation algorithm in quantum computing algorithms, especially the scenarios where (1) the input vector is not an eigenvector; (2) the unitary operator is not exactly implemented; (3) random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Xiantao Li

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is one of the most important subroutines in quantum computing. In general applications, current QPE algorithms either suffer an exponential time overload or require a set of - notoriously quite fragile - GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Luca Pezzè , Augusto Smerzi

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-27 Hakop Pashayan , Oliver Reardon-Smith , Kamil Korzekwa , Stephen D. Bartlett

We develop an energy calculation algorithm leveraging quantum phase difference estimation (QPDE) scheme and a tensor-network-based unitary compression method in the preparation of superposition states and time-evolution gates. Alongside its…

We present quantum algorithms for the estimation of n-time correlation functions, the local and non-local density of states, and dynamical linear response functions. These algorithms are all based on block-encodings - a versatile technique…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Patrick Rall

Quantum effects like entanglement and coherent amplification can be used to drastically enhance the accuracy of quantum parameter estimation beyond classical limits. However, challenges such as decoherence and time-dependent errors hinder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Yulong Dong , Jonathan A. Gross , Murphy Yuezhen Niu

We present a quantum algorithm to solve systems of linear equations of the form $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$, where $A$ is a tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix and $\mathbf{b}$ results from discretizing an analytic function, with a circuit complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Almudena Carrera Vazquez , Ralf Hiptmair , Stefan Woerner

Quantum phase estimation is a central primitive in quantum algorithms and sensing, where performance is governed by the sensitivity of measurement signals to the target parameter. While existing methods have developed increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Zikang Jia , Suying Liu , Yulong Dong

Phase estimation algorithms are key protocols in quantum information processing. Besides applications in quantum computing, they can also be employed in metrology as they allow for fast extraction of information stored in the quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-03 S. Danilin , A. V. Lebedev , A. Vepsäläinen , G. B. Lesovik , G. Blatter , G. S. Paraoanu

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen

We revisit quantum phase estimation algorithms for the purpose of obtaining the energy levels of many-body Hamiltonians and pay particular attention to the statistical analysis of their outputs. We introduce the mean phase direction of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-20 P. M. Q. Cruz , G. Catarina , R. Gautier , J. Fernández-Rossier

The computational cost of quantum algorithms for physics and chemistry is closely linked to the spectrum of the Hamiltonian, a property that manifests in the necessary rescaling of its eigenvalues. The typical approach of using the 1-norm…

Iterative phase estimation has long been used in quantum computing to estimate Hamiltonian eigenvalues. This is done by applying many repetitions of the same fundamental simulation circuit to an initial state, and using statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 Ian D. Kivlichan , Christopher E. Granade , Nathan Wiebe