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Multi-label learning deals with the classification problems where each instance can be assigned with multiple labels simultaneously. Conventional multi-label learning approaches mainly focus on exploiting label correlations. It is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Xiangnan Kong , Zhaoming Wu , Li-Jia Li , Ruofei Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Hang Wu , Wei Fan

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has demonstrated promise in Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, a major challenge persists due to the high computational cost associated with processing these gigapixel images. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

Class incremental learning refers to a special multi-class classification task, in which the number of classes is not fixed but is increasing with the continual arrival of new data. Existing researches mainly focused on solving catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Xu Zhang , Yang Yao , Baile Xu , Lekun Mao , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao , Qingwei Lin

Label distribution learning (LDL) is an effective method to predict the relative label description degree (a.k.a. label distribution) of a sample. However, the label distribution is not a complete representation of an instance because it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jiawei Tang , Yuheng Jia

In the task of Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), a model is trained on groups (a.k.a bags) of instances and their corresponding label proportions to predict labels for individual instances. LLP has been applied pre-dominantly on two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Anand Brahmbhatt , Mohith Pokala , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

Multi-label image recognition with partial labels (MLR-PL) is designed to train models using a mix of known and unknown labels. Traditional methods rely on semantic or feature correlations to create pseudo-labels for unidentified labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoxian Ruan , Zhihua Xu , Zhijing Yang , Guang Ma , Jieming Xie , Changxiang Fan , Tianshui Chen

Multi-label ranking maps instances to a ranked set of predicted labels from multiple possible classes. The ranking approach for multi-label learning problems received attention for its success in multi-label classification, with one of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Emine Dari , V. Bugra Yesilkaynak , Alican Mertan , Gozde Unal

Extreme multi-label learning (XML) or classification has been a practical and important problem since the boom of big data. The main challenge lies in the exponential label space which involves $2^L$ possible label sets especially when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Wenjie Zhang , Junchi Yan , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha

Multi-label recognition with partial labels (MLR-PL), in which only some labels are known while others are unknown for each image, is a practical task in computer vision, since collecting large-scale and complete multi-label datasets is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Haoxian Ruan , Zhihua Xu , Zhijing Yang , Yongyi Lu , Jinghui Qin , Tianshui Chen

Multi-label learning is a rapidly growing research area that aims to predict multiple labels from a single input data point. In the era of big data, tasks involving multi-label classification (MLC) or ranking present significant and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Adane Nega Tarekegn , Mohib Ullah , Faouzi Alaya Cheikh

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Multiple Instance Learning is a form of weakly supervised learning in which the data is arranged in sets of instances called bags with one label assigned per bag. The bag level class prediction is derived from the multiple instances through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jacob Gildenblat , Ido Ben-Shaul , Zvi Lapp , Eldad Klaiman

Multi-label Recognition (MLR) involves the identification of multiple objects within an image. To address the additional complexity of this problem, recent works have leveraged information from vision-language models (VLMs) trained on large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Samyak Rawlekar , Shubhang Bhatnagar , Vishnuvardhan Pogunulu Srinivasulu , Narendra Ahuja

We propose a learning algorithm capable of learning from label proportions instead of direct data labels. In this scenario, our data are arranged into various bags of a certain size, and only the proportions of each label within a given bag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Neil Zeghidour , Marco Cuturi , Lucas Beyer , Jean-Philippe Vert

Label smoothing is widely used in deep neural networks for multi-class classification. While it enhances model generalization and reduces overconfidence by aiming to lower the probability for the predicted class, it distorts the predicted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mohamed Maher , Meelis Kull

In many real-world tasks, the concerned objects can be represented as a multi-instance bag associated with a candidate label set, which consists of one ground-truth label and several false positive labels. Multi-instance partial-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Multi-label learning (MLL) learns from the examples each associated with multiple labels simultaneously, where the high cost of annotating all relevant labels for each training example is challenging for real-world applications. To cope…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ning Xu , Congyu Qiao , Jiaqi Lv , Xin Geng , Min-Ling Zhang

The Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) paradigm is attracting plenty of attention in medical imaging classification, where labeled data is scarce. MIL methods cast medical images as bags of instances (e.g. patches in whole slide images, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Francisco M. Castro-Macías , Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Yunan Wu , Rafael Molina , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

described by multiple instances (e.g., image patches) and simultaneously associated with multiple labels. Existing MIML methods are useful in many applications but most of which suffer from relatively low accuracy and training efficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Qi Lai , Jianhang Zhou , Yanfen Gan , Chi-Man Vong , Deshuang Huang

We propose the Limited Multi-Label (LML) projection layer as a new primitive operation for end-to-end learning systems. The LML layer provides a probabilistic way of modeling multi-label predictions limited to having exactly k labels. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Brandon Amos , Vladlen Koltun , J. Zico Kolter