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We propose LangProp, a framework for iteratively optimizing code generated by large language models (LLMs), in both supervised and reinforcement learning settings. While LLMs can generate sensible coding solutions zero-shot, they are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Shu Ishida , Gianluca Corrado , George Fedoseev , Hudson Yeo , Lloyd Russell , Jamie Shotton , João F. Henriques , Anthony Hu

Large Language Model (LLM) systems have been the frontier of AI in many application domains, leading to new challenges and opportunities for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) for the AutoML community. However, this type of system exhibits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Siyu Wu , Yulong Ye , Zezhen Xiang , Pengzhou Chen , Gangda Xiong , Tao Chen

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated algorithm design has shown promising potential. A prevalent approach embeds LLMs within search routines to iteratively generate and refine candidate algorithms. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Fei Liu , Rui Zhang , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have formulated a blueprint for the advancement of artificial general intelligence. Its primary objective is to function as a human-centric (helpful, honest, and harmless) assistant. Alignment with humans…

Automated hyperparameter optimization (HPO) has gained great popularity and is an important ingredient of most automated machine learning frameworks. The process of designing HPO algorithms, however, is still an unsystematic and manual…

Offline black-box optimization (BBO) aims to find optimal designs based solely on an offline dataset of designs and their labels. Such scenarios frequently arise in domains like DNA sequence design and robotics, where only a few labeled…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ye Yuan , Can , Chen , Zipeng Sun , Dinghuai Zhang , Christopher Pal , Xue Liu

Despite their widespread adoption in various domains, especially due to their powerful reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) are not the off-the-shelf choice to drive multi-objective optimization yet. Conventional strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Andrej Schwanke , Lyubomir Ivanov , David Salinas , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela

Optimization of LLM training and inference configurations, such as hyperparameters, data mixtures, and prompts, is critical to performance, but it is often approached heuristically in practice, leading to potentially suboptimal outcomes. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ruth Wan Theng Chew , Zhiliang Chen , Apivich Hemachandra , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

We investigate the capabilities and scalability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in optimization modeling, a domain requiring structured reasoning and precise formulation. To this end, we introduce OPT-ENGINE, an extensible benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yitian Chen , Cheng Cheng , Yinan Sun , Zi Ling , Dongdong Ge

Automatic prompt optimization is a promising approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, yet existing methods typically search for a specific prompt specialized to a fixed task. This paradigm limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guanbao Liang , Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Yuheng Qin , Huan Zhou , Bingxin Jia , Bin Li , Jiajun Bu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as effective surrogate models and candidate generators within global optimization frameworks for expensive blackbox functions. Despite promising results, LLM-based methods often struggle in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrej Schwanke , Lyubomir Ivanov , David Salinas , Fabio Ferreira , Aaron Klein , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela

Policy optimization in reinforcement learning requires the selection of numerous hyperparameters across different environments. Fixing them incorrectly may negatively impact optimization performance leading notably to insufficient or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Jiancong Huang , Juan Rojas , Matthieu Zimmer , Hongmin Wu , Yisheng Guan , Paul Weng

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a popular nature-inspired meta-heuristic for solving continuous optimization problems. Although this technique is widely used, the understanding of the mechanisms that make swarms so successful is still…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Vanessa Lange , Manuel Schmitt , Rolf Wanka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely deployed to solve problems related to marketing attribution and budget optimization. However, AI models can be quite complex, and it can be difficult to understand model workings and insights without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yilin Gao , Sai Kumar Arava , Yancheng Li , James W. Snyder

When solving a combinatorial problem using propositional satisfiability (SAT), the encoding of the problem is of vital importance. We study encodings of Pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints, a common type of arithmetic constraint that appears in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Miquel Bofill , Jordi Coll , Peter Nightingale , Josep Suy , Felix Ulrich-Oltean , Mateu Villaret

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming various fields, and their potential in Business Process Management (BPM) is substantial. This paper assesses the capabilities of LLMs on business process modeling using a framework for…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Humam Kourani , Alessandro Berti , Daniel Schuster , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Prompt optimization has become crucial for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) across a broad range of tasks. Although many research papers demonstrate its effectiveness, practical adoption is hindered because existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Tom Zehle , Timo Heiß , Moritz Schlager , Matthias Aßenmacher , Matthias Feurer

Analog circuit design requires substantial human expertise and involvement, which is a significant roadblock to design productivity. Bayesian Optimization (BO), a popular machine learning based optimization strategy, has been leveraged to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yuxuan Yin , Yu Wang , Boxun Xu , Peng Li

Query generation is a critical task for web search engines (e.g. Google, Bing) and recommendation systems. Recently, state-of-the-art query generation methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) for their strong capabilities in context…