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In this paper we criticize the robustness measure traditionally employed to assess the performance of machine learning models deployed in adversarial settings. To mitigate the limitations of robustness, we introduce a new measure called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Stefano Calzavara , Lorenzo Cazzaro , Claudio Lucchese , Federico Marcuzzi , Salvatore Orlando

Gradient boosted models are a fundamental machine learning technique. Robustness to small perturbations of the input is an important quality measure for machine learning models, but the literature lacks a method to prove the robustness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Gil Einziger , Maayan Goldstein , Yaniv Sa'ar , Itai Segall

While certified robustness is widely promoted as a solution to adversarial examples in Artificial Intelligence systems, significant challenges remain before these techniques can be meaningfully deployed in real-world applications. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andrew C. Cullen , Paul Montague , Sarah M. Erfani , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Verification of machine learning models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is known to be a hard problem. In particular, many known neural network verification methods that work for computer vision and other numeric datasets do not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Marco Casadio , Luca Arnaboldi , Matthew L. Daggitt , Omri Isac , Tanvi Dinkar , Daniel Kienitz , Verena Rieser , Ekaterina Komendantskaya

We are interested in long-term deployments of autonomous robots to aid astronauts with maintenance and monitoring operations in settings such as the International Space Station. Unfortunately, such environments tend to be highly dynamic and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Luisa Mao , Ryan Soussan , Brian Coltin , Trey Smith , Joydeep Biswas

Reliable verification of proofs remains a bottleneck for training and evaluating AI systems on hard mathematical reasoning. Fully formal proofs, in languages like Lean, are easy to verify because they are unambiguous and modular. Most…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Slim Barkallah , Luke Bailey , Kaiyue Wen , Mohammed Abouzaid , Tengyu Ma

We present a safety verification framework for design-time and run-time assurance of learning-based components in aviation systems. Our proposed framework integrates two novel methodologies. From the design-time assurance perspective, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Ali Baheri , Hao Ren , Benjamin Johnson , Pouria Razzaghi , Peng Wei

Robustness of machine learning models is critical for security related applications, where real-world adversaries are uniquely focused on evading neural network based detectors. Prior work mainly focus on crafting adversarial examples (AEs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Ecenaz Erdemir , Jeffrey Bickford , Luca Melis , Sergul Aydore

We propose a new approach for modelling the functional behaviour of an Earth observation satellite. We leverage this approach in order to develop a safety critical software, a "telecommand verifier", that is in charge of checking onboard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Vincent Mussot , Silvano Dal Zilio , Loic Correnson , Serge Rainjonneau , Yves Bardout , Grégoire Scano

Neural certificates have emerged as a powerful tool in cyber-physical systems control, providing witnesses of correctness. These certificates, such as barrier functions, often learned alongside control policies, once verified, serve as…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Thomas A. Henzinger , Konstantin Kueffner , Emily Yu

Numerical software are widely used in safety-critical systems such as aircrafts, satellites, car engines and so on, facilitating dynamics control of such systems in real time, it is therefore absolutely necessary to verify their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Bai Xue , Naijun Zhan , Yangjia Li , Qiuye Wang

Software testing and verification are critical for ensuring the reliability and security of modern software systems. Traditionally, formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, have provided rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

The failure of hardware or software in a critical system can lead to loss of lives. The design errors can be main source of the failures that can be introduced during system development process. Formal techniques are an alternative approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-04 Dominique Méry , Neeraj Kumar Singh

In deep learning applications, robustness measures the ability of neural models that handle slight changes in input data, which could lead to potential safety hazards, especially in safety-critical applications. Pre-deployment assessment of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim

Recent advances in the verification of deep neural networks (DNNs) have opened the way for a broader usage of DNN verification technology in many application areas, including safety-critical ones. However, DNN verifiers are themselves…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Remi Desmartin , Omri Isac , Grant Passmore , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Kathrin Stark , Guy Katz

The topic of provable deep neural network robustness has raised considerable interest in recent years. Most research has focused on adversarial robustness, which studies the robustness of perceptive models in the neighbourhood of particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Julien Girard-Satabin , Guillaume Charpiat , Zakaria Chihani , Marc Schoenauer

The increasing integration of deep neural networks in critical systems has spawned a theoretical and practical interest in formally guaranteeing safety properties about their behavior. To achieve this, contemporary verification algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ido Shmuel , Guy Katz

Software engineering of modular robotic systems is a challenging task, however, verifying that the developed components all behave as they should individually and as a whole presents its own unique set of challenges. In particular, distinct…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Rafael C. Cardoso , Louise A. Dennis , Marie Farrell , Michael Fisher , Matt Luckcuck

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming pervasive in today's applications, such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare, aerospace, cybersecurity, and many critical applications. Ensuring the reliability and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Shamik Kundu , Kanad Basu , Mehdi Sadi , Twisha Titirsha , Shihao Song , Anup Das , Ujjwal Guin

The usage of environment sensor models for virtual testing is a promising approach to reduce the testing effort of autonomous driving. However, in order to deduce any statements regarding the performance of an autonomous driving function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch