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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven highly effective in improving large language models (LLMs) across various domains. However, there is no benchmark specifically designed to assess the effectiveness of RAG in the legal domain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Haitao Li , Yifan Chen , Yiran Hu , Qingyao Ai , Junjie Chen , Xiaoyu Yang , Jianhui Yang , Yueyue Wu , Zeyang Liu , Yiqun Liu

Evaluating English ASR systems for conversational AI applications remains difficult, as many publicly available corpora are either pre-segmented into short segments, consist of read or prepared speech, or lack explicit dialect annotations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Eugen Beck , Sarah Beranek , Uma Moothiringote , Daniel Mann , Wilfried Michel , Katie Nguyen , Taylor Tragemann

We introduce VoxRAG, a modular speech-to-speech retrieval-augmented generation system that bypasses transcription to retrieve semantically relevant audio segments directly from spoken queries. VoxRAG employs silence-aware segmentation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zackary Rackauckas , Julia Hirschberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense potential for revolutionizing Customer Experience Management (CXM), particularly in contact center operations. However, evaluating their practical utility in complex operational environments is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Raghav Garg , Kapil Sharma , Karan Gupta

Dialogue assistants are rapidly becoming an indispensable daily aid. To avoid the significant effort needed to hand-craft the required dialogue flow, the Dialogue Management (DM) module can be cast as a continuous Markov Decision Process…

Large audio-language models (LALMs) have achieved near-human performance in sentence-level transcription and emotion recognition. However, existing evaluations focus mainly on surface-level perception, leaving the capacity of models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Achieving realistic human-like conversation for virtual characters requires not only a simple memorization and recall of past events, but also the strategic utilization of memory to meet factual needs and social engagement. Current memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yerong Wu , Tianxing Wu , Minghao Zhu , Hangyu Sha , Haofen Wang

Visually-grounded dialog systems, which integrate multiple modes of communication such as text and visual inputs, have become an increasingly popular area of investigation. However, the absence of a standardized evaluation framework poses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yunshui Li , Binyuan Hui , Zhaochao Yin , Wanwei He , Run Luo , Yuxing Long , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) show great promise for speech emotion recognition (SER) via generative interfaces. However, shifting from closed-set classification to open text generation introduces zero-shot stochasticity, making…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hezhao Zhang , Huang-Cheng Chou , Shrikanth Narayanan , Thomas Hain

Task-oriented proactive dialogue agents play a pivotal role in recruitment, particularly for steering conversations towards specific business outcomes, such as acquiring social-media contacts for private-channel conversion. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhiyong Cao , Dunqiang Liu , Qi Dai , Haojun Xu , Huaiyan Xu , Huan He , Yafei Liu , Siyuan Liu , XiaoLin Lin , Ke Ma , Ruqian Shi , Sijia Yao , Hao Wang , Sicheng Zhou

Current role-play studies often rely on unvalidated LLM-as-a-judge paradigms, which may fail to reflect how humans perceive role fidelity. A key prerequisite for human-aligned evaluation is role identification, the ability to recognize who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lingfeng Zhou , Jialing Zhang , Jin Gao , Mohan Jiang , Dequan Wang

Long-term, open-domain dialogue capabilities are essential for chatbots aiming to recall past interactions and demonstrate emotional intelligence (EI). Yet, most existing research relies on synthetic, LLM-generated data, leaving open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Dong-Ho Lee , Adyasha Maharana , Jay Pujara , Xiang Ren , Francesco Barbieri

Reward modeling has become a cornerstone of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet, when extended to subjective and open-ended domains such as role play, existing reward models exhibit severe degradation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Dongqi Liu , Qi Zhao , Tao Yao , Shuo Wang , Dongsheng Chen , Jian Li , Zhenye Gan , Jiangning Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Yabiao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Benefiting from strong and efficient multi-modal alignment strategies, Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) are able to simulate human visual and reasoning capabilities, such as solving CAPTCHAs. However, existing benchmarks based on visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianyi Zhang , Ziyin Zhou , Xu Ji , Shizhao Liu , Zhangchi Zhao

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in multimodal processing, including end-to-end speech-based language models that enable natural interactions and perform specific tasks in task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Enzhi Wang , Qicheng Li , Shiwan Zhao , Aobo Kong , Jiaming Zhou , Xi Yang , Yequan Wang , Yonghua Lin , Yong Qin

Role-playing is an emerging application in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), primarily implemented through the alignment training of a large language model (LLM) with assigned characters. Despite significant progress,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yihong Tang , Jiao Ou , Che Liu , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

With the growing prevalence of psychological interventions, it is vital to have measures which rate the effectiveness of psychological care to assist in training, supervision, and quality assurance of services. Traditionally, quality…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human users in interactive settings such as therapy, education, and social role-play. While these simulations enable scalable training and evaluation of AI agents, off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Donovan Clay , Tim Althoff , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques
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