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Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on specific datasets is a common practice to improve performance on target tasks. However, this performance gain often leads to overfitting, where the model becomes too specialized in either the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Sonam Gupta , Yatin Nandwani , Asaf Yehudai , Dinesh Khandelwal , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as a crucial method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human-annotated demonstrations. However, SFT, being an off-policy approach similar to behavior cloning, often struggles with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qingru Zhang , Liang Qiu , Ilgee Hong , Zhenghao Xu , Tianyi Liu , Shiyang Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Zheng Li , Lihong Li , Bing Yin , Chao Zhang , Jianshu Chen , Haoming Jiang , Tuo Zhao

Ensuring awareness of fairness and privacy in Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical. Interestingly, we discover a counter-intuitive trade-off phenomenon that enhancing an LLM's privacy awareness through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chen Qian , Dongrui Liu , Jie Zhang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao

This study investigates various approaches to using Large Language Models (LLMs) for Text-to-SQL program synthesis, focusing on the outcomes and insights derived. Employing the popular Text-to-SQL dataset, spider, the goal was to input a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Richard Roberson , Gowtham Kaki , Ashutosh Trivedi

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a standard approach for adapting large language models to specialized domains, yet its application to protein sequence modeling and protein language models (PLMs) remains ad hoc. This is in part because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Amin Tavakoli , Raswanth Murugan , Ozan Gokdemir , Arvind Ramanathan , Frances Arnold , Anima Anandkumar

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for Text-to-SQL task. However, the absence of a systematical benchmark inhibits the development of designing effective, efficient and economic LLM-based Text-to-SQL solutions. To…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Dawei Gao , Haibin Wang , Yaliang Li , Xiuyu Sun , Yichen Qian , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) becomes the dominant paradigm for the challenging task of text-to-SQL. LLM-empowered text-to-SQL methods are typically categorized into prompting-based and tuning approaches. Compared to prompting-based methods,…

Training on large amounts of rationales (i.e., CoT Fine-tuning) is effective at improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, acquiring human-authored rationales or augmenting rationales from proprietary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Hyeonbin Hwang , Doyoung Kim , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language into SQL, but small models struggle with multi-table and complex queries in Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) settings. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) helps, it falls short for harder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Simone Papicchio , Simone Rossi , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Papotti

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving skills across many tasks, but they still underperform compared to humans in various downstream applications, such as text-to-SQL. On the BIRD benchmark leaderboard, human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Zhibo Chu , Zichong Wang , Qitao Qin

This paper explores the effects of various forms of regularization in the context of language model alignment via self-play. While both reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) require to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Reda Alami , Abdalgader Abubaker , Mastane Achab , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Salem Lahlou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. Advances in prompt engineering and fine-tuning techniques have further enhanced their ability to address complex reasoning challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jing Bi , Yuting Wu , Weiwei Xing , Zhenjie Wei

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). In contrast, small language models (SLMs) ranging from 0.5B to 1.5B parameters currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

Generating step-by-step "chain-of-thought" rationales has proven effective for improving the performance of large language models on complex reasoning tasks. However, applying such techniques to structured tasks, such as text-to-SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Mingqian He , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

The previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) method achieved a remarkable execution accuracy on the Spider dataset, which is one of the largest and most diverse datasets in the Text-to-SQL domain. However, during our reproduction of the business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Guanghu Sui , Zhishuai Li , Ziyue Li , Sun Yang , Jingqing Ruan , Hangyu Mao , Rui Zhao

The ability to generate SQL queries from natural language has significant implications for making data accessible to non-specialists. This paper presents a novel approach to fine-tuning open-source large language models (LLMs) for the task…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Amine Rebei

Although multi-agent collaborative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in the Text-to-SQL task, their performance is still constrained by various factors. These factors include the incompleteness of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xiangjin Xie , Guangwei Xu , Lingyan Zhao , Ruijie Guo

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL systems. Nevertheless, many state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches have overlooked the critical aspect of system robustness. Our experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Geling Liu , Yunzhi Tan , Ruichao Zhong , Yuanzhen Xie , Lingchen Zhao , Qian Wang , Bo Hu , Zang Li

The task of Text-to-SQL enables anyone to retrieve information from SQL databases using natural language. While this task has made substantial progress, the two primary evaluation metrics - Execution Accuracy (EXE) and Exact Set Matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Benjamin G. Ascoli , Yasoda Sai Ram Kandikonda , Jinho D. Choi

Fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) on downstream tasks has become common practice in natural language processing. However, most of the PLMs are vulnerable, e.g., they are brittle under adversarial attacks or imbalanced data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Shoujie Tong , Qingxiu Dong , Damai Dai , Yifan song , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui