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Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) are key sources of subseasonal predictability and major drivers of extreme weather in winter. Accurate and efficient probabilistic forecasting of these events remains a persistent challenge for Numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ningning Tao , Fei Xie , Baoxiang Pan , Hongyu Wang , Han Huang , Zhongpu Qiu , Ke Gui , Jiali Luo , Xiaosong Chen

An exponential growth in computing power, which has brought more sophisticated and higher resolution simulations of the climate system, and an exponential increase in observations since the first weather satellite was put in orbit, are…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Annalisa Bracco , Julien Brajard , Henk A. Dijkstra , Pedram Hassanzadeh , Christian Lessig , Claire Monteleoni

In this study, we improve a neural network (NN) parameterization of deep convection in the global atmosphere model ARP-GEM. To take into account the sporadic nature of convection, we develop a NN parameterization that includes a triggering…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Hugo Germain , Blanka Balogh , Olivier Geoffroy , David Saint-Martin

Large foundation models (FMs) are transforming Earth science by integrating heterogeneous multimodal data, such as multi-platform imagery, gridded reanalysis data, diverse geophysical and geochemical observations, and domain-specific text,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Xiangyu Zhao , Bo Liu , Yuehan Zhang , Zelin Song , Wanghan Xu , Feng Liu , Fengxiang Wang , Ben Fei , Fenghua Ling , Wangxu Wei , Wenlong Zhang , Xiao-Ming Wu

Deep learning has revolutionized weather forecasting, but many challenges remain, including climate modeling. Moreover, the current landscape remains fragmented: highly specialized models are typically trained individually for distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michael Aich , Andreas Fürst , Florian Sestak , Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez , Niklas Boers , Johannes Brandstetter

Advances in deep learning methods for weather forecasting are creating opportunities to computationally explore the potential for steering or control of extreme weather trajectories for societal risk reduction. We present initial…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Moyan Liu , Qin Huang , Upmanu Lall

We present Compressible Atmospheric Model-Network (CAM-NET), an AI model designed to predict neutral atmospheric variables from the Earth's surface to the ionosphere with high accuracy and computational efficiency. Accurate modeling of the…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Jiahui Hu , Wenjun Dong

The objective of this work is to develop an AI foundation model for physical signals that can generalize across diverse phenomena, domains, applications, and sensing apparatuses. We propose a phenomenological approach and framework for…

As climate change intensifies, the shift to cleaner energy sources becomes increasingly urgent. With wind energy production set to accelerate, reliable wind probabilistic forecasts are essential to ensure its efficient use. However, since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jean-Sébastien Giroux , Simon-Philippe Breton , Julie Carreau

Current climate models often struggle with accuracy because they lack sufficient resolution, a limitation caused by computational constraints. This reduces the precision of weather forecasts and long-term climate predictions. To address…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Adib Bazgir , Yuwen Zhang

Issuing timely severe weather warnings helps mitigate potentially disastrous consequences. Recent advancements in Neural Weather Models (NWMs) offer a computationally inexpensive and fast approach for forecasting atmospheric environments on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Antoine Leclerc , Erwan Koch , Monika Feldmann , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler

Here we present a new method of estimating global variations in outdoor PM$_{2.5}$ concentrations using satellite images combined with ground-level measurements and deep convolutional neural networks. Specifically, new deep learning models…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-11 Kris Y. Hong , Pedro O. Pinheiro , Scott Weichenthal

This paper presents a novel framework for prioritizing urban green space development in Tehran using diverse socio-economic, environmental, and sensitivity indices. The indices were derived from various sources including Google Earth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Mohammad Ganjirad , Mahmoud Reza Delavar , Hossein Bagheri , Mohammad Mehdi Azizi

Aerosol particles play an important role in the climate system by absorbing and scattering radiation and influencing cloud properties. They are also one of the biggest sources of uncertainty for climate modeling. Many climate models do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Paula Harder , Duncan Watson-Parris , Philip Stier , Dominik Strassel , Nicolas R. Gauger , Janis Keuper

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models that integrate coupled physical equations forward in time are the traditional tools for simulating atmospheric processes and forecasting weather. With recent advancements in deep learning, AI-based…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Milton Gomez , Louis Poulain--Auzeau , Alexis Berne , Tom Beucler

The coupling of models for the different components of the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-System is required to investigate component interactions and feedback processes. However, the component models for atmosphere, land-surface and subsurface…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-07-08 Tanja Zerenner , Victor Venema , Petra Friederichs , Clemens Simmer

Accurate representations of unknown and sub-grid physical processes through parameterizations (or closure) in numerical simulations with quantified uncertainty are critical for resolving the coarse-grained partial differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yongquan Qu , Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Pierre Gentine

The Earth's weather system encompasses intricate weather data modalities and diverse weather understanding tasks, which hold significant value to human life. Existing data-driven models focus on single weather understanding tasks (e.g.,…

There are different strategies for training neural networks (NNs) as subgrid-scale parameterizations. Here, we use a 1D model of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and gravity wave (GW) parameterizations as testbeds. A 12-layer…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-07-17 Hamid A. Pahlavan , Pedram Hassanzadeh , M. Joan Alexander

Predicting high-fidelity ground motions for future earthquakes is crucial for seismic hazard assessment and infrastructure resilience. Conventional empirical simulations suffer from sparse sensor distribution and geographically localized…