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In recent years, the integration of vision and language understanding has led to significant advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly through Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, existing VLMs face challenges in handling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kun Yan , Lei Ji , Zeyu Wang , Yuntao Wang , Nan Duan , Shuai Ma

Human-Centered learning analytics (HCLA) is an approach that emphasizes the human factors in learning analytics and truly meets user needs. User involvement in all stages of the design, analysis, and evaluation of learning analytics is the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Mohamed Amine Chatti , Arham Muslim , Manpriya Guliani , Mouadh Guesmi

Learning analytics (LA) provides data-driven feedback that aims to improve learning and inform action. For learners, LA-based feedback may scaffold self-regulated learning skills, which are crucial to learning success. For teachers,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yi-Shan Tsai

Dialogue plays a crucial role in educational settings, yet existing evaluation methods for educational applications of large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on technical performance or learning outcomes, often neglecting attention to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Liqun He , Manolis Mavrikis , Mutlu Cukurova

Visual analytics supports data analysis tasks within complex domain problems. However, due to the richness of data types, visual designs, and interaction designs, users need to recall and process a significant amount of information when…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yuheng Zhao , Yixing Zhang , Yu Zhang , Xinyi Zhao , Junjie Wang , Zekai Shao , Cagatay Turkay , Siming Chen

The way our eyes move while reading can tell us about the cognitive effort required to process the text. In the present study, we use this fact to generate texts with controllable reading ease. Our method employs a model that predicts human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Andreas Säuberli , Darja Jepifanova , Diego Frassinelli , Barbara Plank

Where someone looks is a nonverbal communication cue that children and adults readily use. How well can Vision-Language Models (VLMs) infer gaze targets? To construct evaluation stimuli, we captured 1,360 real-world photos of scenes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zory Zhang , Pinyuan Feng , Bingyang Wang , Tianwei Zhao , Suyang Yu , Qingying Gao , Hokin Deng , Ziqiao Ma , Yijiang Li , Dezhi Luo

In recent years we have witnessed an increasing number of interactive systems on handheld mobile devices which utilise gaze as a single or complementary interaction modality. This trend is driven by the enhanced computational power of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Yaxiong Lei , Shijing He , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Despite advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, robotic manipulation struggles with fine-grained tasks because current models lack mechanisms for active visual attention allocation. Human gaze naturally encodes intent, planning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Anupam Pani , Yanchao Yang

Gaze is a crucial social cue in any interacting scenario and drives many mechanisms of social cognition (joint and shared attention, predicting human intention, coordination tasks). Gaze direction is an indication of social and emotional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maria Lombardi , Elisa Maiettini , Agnieszka Wykowska , Lorenzo Natale

Eye gaze analysis is an important research problem in the field of Computer Vision and Human-Computer Interaction. Even with notable progress in the last 10 years, automatic gaze analysis still remains challenging due to the uniqueness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Shreya Ghosh , Abhinav Dhall , Munawar Hayat , Jarrod Knibbe , Qiang Ji

Learning analytics (LA) is argued to be able to improve learning outcomes, learner support and teaching. However, despite an increasingly expanding amount of student (digital) data accessible from various online education and learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Olga Viberg , Ake Gronlund

Human gaze is known to be a strong indicator of underlying human intentions and goals during manipulation tasks. This work studies gaze patterns of human teachers demonstrating tasks to robots and proposes ways in which such patterns can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Akanksha Saran , Elaine Schaertl Short , Andrea Thomaz , Scott Niekum

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

Information access systems such as search engines and generative AI are central to how people seek, evaluate, and interpret information. Yet most systems are designed to optimise retrieval rather than to help users develop better search…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-14 David Elsweiler

Eye movements can reveal valuable insights into various aspects of human mental processes, physical well-being, and actions. Recently, several datasets have been made available that simultaneously record EEG activity and eye movements. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-14 Nina Weng , Martyna Plomecka , Manuel Kaufmann , Ard Kastrati , Roger Wattenhofer , Nicolas Langer

The emergence of advanced multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced AI assistants' ability to process complex information across modalities. Recently, egocentric videos, by directly capturing user focus, actions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Taiying Peng , Jiacheng Hua , Miao Liu , Feng Lu

The new educational models such as smart learning environments use of digital and context-aware devices to facilitate the learning process. In this new educational scenario, a huge quantity of multimodal students' data from a variety of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Wilson Chango , Juan A. Lara , Rebeca Cerezo , Cristóbal Romero

Smart glasses are accelerating progress toward more seamless and personalized LLM-based assistance by integrating multimodal inputs. Yet, these inputs rely on obtrusive explicit prompts. The advent of gaze tracking on smart devices offers a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiexin Ding , Yizhuo Zhang , Xinyun Liu , Ke chen , Yuntao Wang , Shwetak Patel , Akshay Gadre

Learning analytics (LA) draws from the learning sciences to interpret learner behavior and inform system design. Yet, past personalization remains largely at the content or performance level (during learner-system interactions), overlooking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Conrad Borchers , Hannah Deininger , Zachary A. Pardos