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Spatio-temporal reasoning is a remarkable capability of Vision Language Models (VLMs), but the underlying mechanisms of such abilities remain largely opaque. We postulate that visual/geometrical and textual representations of spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Raphi Kang , Hongqiao Chen , Georgia Gkioxari , Pietro Perona

Integrating vision models into large language models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in creating vision-language foundation models, especially for video understanding. Recent methods often utilize memory banks to handle untrimmed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Sakib Reza , Xiyun Song , Heather Yu , Zongfang Lin , Mohsen Moghaddam , Octavia Camps

Spatio-temporal reasoning in time series involves the explicit synthesis of temporal dynamics, spatial dependencies, and textual context. This capability is vital for high-stakes decision-making in systems such as traffic networks, power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Juntong Ni , Shiyu Wang , Qi He , Ming Jin , Wei Jin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) benefits Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning. Inspired by this, we explore integrating spatio-temporal specific rewards into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to address the unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Desen Meng , Lu Dong , Xiangyu Zeng , Yinan He , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have achieved significant success by adopting the paradigm of large-scale pre-training followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, existing approaches struggle with temporal reasoning due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shicheng Li , Lei Li , Kun Ouyang , Shuhuai Ren , Yuanxin Liu , Yuanxing Zhang , Fuzheng Zhang , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu , Xu Sun

While Large Language Models (LLMs) dominate tasks like natural language processing and computer vision, harnessing their power for spatial-temporal forecasting remains challenging. The disparity between sequential text and complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Lei Liu , Shuo Yu , Runze Wang , Zhenxun Ma , Yanming Shen

Despite impressive high-level video comprehension, multimodal language models struggle with spatial reasoning across time and space. While current spatial training approaches rely on real-world video data, obtaining diverse footage with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ellis Brown , Arijit Ray , Ranjay Krishna , Ross Girshick , Rob Fergus , Saining Xie

Video large language models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as video question answering, however, their temporal understanding remains suboptimal. To address this limitation, we curate a dedicated instruction fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yunxiao Wang , Meng Liu , Wenqi Liu , Xuemeng Song , Bin Wen , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Di Zhang , Guorui Zhou , Liqiang Nie

The task of Video Question Answering (VideoQA) consists in answering natural language questions about a video and serves as a proxy to evaluate the performance of a model in scene sequence understanding. Most methods designed for VideoQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Theophile Sautory , Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo

Large multimodal models (LMMs) excel in scene understanding but struggle with fine-grained spatiotemporal reasoning due to weak alignment between linguistic and visual representations. Existing methods map textual positions and durations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hanyu Zhou , Gim Hee Lee

This paper presents VideoLoom, a unified Video Large Language Model (Video LLM) for joint spatial-temporal understanding. To facilitate the development of fine-grained spatial and temporal localization capabilities, we curate LoomData-8.7k,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiapeng Shi , Junke Wang , Zuyao You , Bo He , Zuxuan Wu

Video spatial reasoning, which involves inferring the underlying spatial structure from observed video frames, poses a significant challenge for existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). This limitation stems primarily from 1) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Kun Ouyang , Yuanxin Liu , Haoning Wu , Yi Liu , Hao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng , Xu Sun

Accurate prediction of human behavior is crucial for AI systems to effectively support real-world applications, such as autonomous robots anticipating and assisting with human tasks. Real-world scenarios frequently present challenges such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Kojiro Takeyama , Yimeng Liu , Misha Sra

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) have shown strong video understanding, yet their application to long-form videos remains constrained by limited context windows. A common workaround is to compress long videos into a handful of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yun Wang , Long Zhang , Jingren Liu , Jiaqi Yan , Zhanjie Zhang , Jiahao Zheng , Ao Ma , Run Ling , Xun Yang , Dapeng Wu , Xiangyu Chen , Xuelong Li

Recent years have seen the success of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in the domain of vision understanding. The success of these models can largely be attributed to the dominant scaling law, which states that larger parameter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Shukang Yin , Chaoyou Fu , Sirui Zhao , Chunjiang Ge , Yan Yang , Yuhan Dai , Yongdong Luo , Tong Xu , Caifeng Shan , Enhong Chen

Video Question Answering (Video QA) is a challenging video understanding task that requires models to comprehend entire videos, identify the most relevant information based on contextual cues from a given question, and reason accurately to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Roberto Amoroso , Gengyuan Zhang , Rajat Koner , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara , Volker Tresp

Video Question Answering (VideoQA) task serves as a critical playground for evaluating whether foundation models can effectively perceive, understand, and reason about dynamic real-world scenarios. However, existing Multimodal Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sunqi Fan , Jiashuo Cui , Meng-Hao Guo , Shuojin Yang

We introduce TemporalVLM, a video large language model (video LLM) for temporal reasoning and fine-grained understanding in long videos. Our approach includes a visual encoder for mapping a long-term video into features which are time-aware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fawad Javed Fateh , Umer Ahmed , Hamza Khan , M. Zeeshan Zia , Quoc-Huy Tran

Spatiotemporal reasoning is a fundamental capability for artificial intelligence (AI) in soft tissue surgery, paving the way for intelligent assistive systems and autonomous robotics. While 2D vision-language models show increasing promise…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable progress in either temporal or spatial localization. However, they struggle to perform spatio-temporal video grounding. This limitation stems from two major challenges. Firstly,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jiankang Wang , Zhihan Zhang , Zhihang Liu , Yang Li , Jiannan Ge , Hongtao Xie , Yongdong Zhang