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Proteins are central to biological systems, participating as building blocks across all forms of life. Despite advancements in understanding protein functions through protein sequence analysis, there remains potential for further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yunqing Liu , Wenqi Fan , Xiaoyong Wei , Qing Li

Ensuring the safe deployment of AI systems is critical in industry settings where biased outputs can lead to significant operational, reputational, and regulatory risks. Thorough evaluation before deployment is essential to prevent these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chu Fei Luo , Ahmad Ghawanmeh , Bharat Bhimshetty , Kashyap Murali , Murli Jadhav , Xiaodan Zhu , Faiza Khan Khattak

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) play central roles in cellular function, yet remain poorly evaluated by existing protein structure prediction benchmarks. Current evaluations largely focus on well-folded domains, overlooking three…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xinyue Zeng , Tuo Wang , Adithya Kulkarni , Alexander Lu , Alexandra Ni , Phoebe Xing , Junhan Zhao , Siwei Chen , Dawei Zhou

Designing protein-binding proteins with high affinity is critical in biomedical research and biotechnology. Despite recent advancements targeting specific proteins, the ability to create high-affinity binders for arbitrary protein targets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhenqiao Song , Tiaoxiao Li , Lei Li , Martin Renqiang Min

Peptides play a pivotal role in a wide range of biological activities through participating in up to 40% protein-protein interactions in cellular processes. They also demonstrate remarkable specificity and efficacy, making them promising…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-09 Song Yin , Xuenan Mi , Diwakar Shukla

The design of novel protein structures remains a challenge in protein engineering for applications across biomedicine and chemistry. In this line of work, a diffusion model over rigid bodies in 3D (referred to as frames) has shown success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jason Yim , Brian L. Trippe , Valentin De Bortoli , Emile Mathieu , Arnaud Doucet , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Understanding how proteins structurally interact is crucial to modern biology, with applications in drug discovery and protein design. Recent machine learning methods have formulated protein-small molecule docking as a generative problem…

Proteins are the main workhorses of biological functions in a cell, a tissue, or an organism. Identification and quantification of proteins in a given sample, e.g. a cell type under normal/disease conditions, are fundamental tasks for the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Ngoc Hieu Tran , Zachariah Levine , Lei Xin , Baozhen Shan , Ming Li

Proteins play a pivotal role in biological systems. The use of machine learning algorithms for protein classification can assist and even guide biological experiments, offering crucial insights for biotechnological applications. We…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-24 Yizheng Wang , Yixiao Zhai , Yijie Ding , Quan Zou

The rapid integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into critical applications is increasingly hindered by persistent safety vulnerabilities. However, existing red-teaming benchmarks are often fragmented, limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xin Wang , Yunhao Chen , Juncheng Li , Yixu Wang , Yang Yao , Tianle Gu , Jie Li , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang , Xia Hu

Designing novel proteins with desired functions is crucial in biology and chemistry. However, most existing work focus on protein sequence design, leaving protein sequence and structure co-design underexplored. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Yufei Song , Wenxian Shi , Yang Yang , Lei Li

Proteins are the major building blocks of life, and actuators of almost all chemical and biophysical events in living organisms. Their native structures in turn enable their biological functions which have a fundamental role in drug design.…

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of protein structural tokenization methods, which chunk protein 3D structures into discrete or continuous representations. Structure tokenization enables the direct application of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Xinyu Yuan , Zichen Wang , Marcus Collins , Huzefa Rangwala

Function-guided protein design is a crucial task with significant applications in drug discovery and enzyme engineering. However, the field lacks a unified and comprehensive evaluation framework. Current models are assessed using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiahao Kuang , Nuowei Liu , Jie Wang , Changzhi Sun , Tao Ji , Yuanbin Wu

Recent advances in Deep Machine Learning have shown promise in solving complex perception and control loops via methods such as reinforcement and imitation learning. However, guaranteeing safety for such learned deep policies has been a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Tom Hirshberg , Sai Vemprala , Ashish Kapoor

Deep generative models show promise for $\textit{de novo}$ protein design, yet reliably producing designs that are geometrically plausible, evolutionarily consistent, functionally relevant, and dynamically stable remains challenging. We…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-15 Tianyuan Zheng , Alessandro Rondina , Gos Micklem , Pietro Liò

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods and safety-first defenses have proliferated rapidly. However, the number of approaches and their recent increase have resulted in diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Saad Hossain , Samanvay Vajpayee , Sirisha Rambhatla

Recent advances in de novo protein binder design have enabled increasing experimental validation, yet reported in silico metrics remain difficult to interpret or compare across studies due to non-standardized evaluation protocols. We…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Cong Liu , Milong Ren , Jiaqi Guan , Chengyue Gong , Jinyuan Sun , Xinshi Chen , Wenzhi Xiao

Composed of amino acid chains that influence how they fold and thus dictating their function and features, proteins are a class of macromolecules that play a central role in major biological processes and are required for the structure,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-15 Aaron Wang

As large language models (LLMs) grow in power and influence, ensuring their safety and preventing harmful output becomes critical. Automated red teaming serves as a tool to detect security vulnerabilities in LLMs without manual labor.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zhuo Li , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Fangming Liu , Min Zhang , Jing Li