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Graphical Markov models combine conditional independence constraints with graphical representations of stepwise data generating processes.The models started to be formulated about 40 years ago and vigorous development is ongoing.…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-12 Nanny Wermuth

We consider missing data in the context of hidden Markov models with a focus on situations where data is missing not at random (MNAR) and missingness depends on the identity of the hidden states. In simulations, we show that including a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-08 Maarten Speekenbrink , Ingmar Visser

Missing data imputation forms the first critical step of many data analysis pipelines. The challenge is greatest for mixed data sets, including real, Boolean, and ordinal data, where standard techniques for imputation fail basic sanity…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Yuxuan Zhao , Madeleine Udell

Handling missing data in time series is a complex problem due to the presence of temporal dependence. General-purpose imputation methods, while widely used, often distort key statistical properties of the data, such as variance and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Guilherme Pumi , Taiane Schaedler Prass , Douglas Krauthein Verdum

The Ising model has become a popular psychometric model for analyzing item response data. The statistical inference of the Ising model is typically carried out via a pseudo-likelihood, as the standard likelihood approach suffers from a high…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Siliang Zhang , Yunxiao Chen

Missing data is a fundamental challenge in data science, significantly hindering analysis and decision-making across a wide range of disciplines, including healthcare, bioinformatics, social science, e-commerce, and industrial monitoring.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Jicong Fan

Missing data is a ubiquitous challenge in data analysis, often leading to biased and inaccurate results. Traditional imputation methods usually assume that the missingness mechanism is missing-at-random (MAR), where the missingness is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-30 Huiming Xie , Fei Xue , Xiao Wang

Missing data imputation, where a model is trained on observed data to estimate unobserved values, is a fundamental problem in machine learning. In this paper, we rigorously formulate imputation model learning as a mean-squared error risk…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Luke Shannon , Song Liu , Katarzyna Reluga

Imputation of missing data is a common application in various classification problems where the feature training matrix has missingness. A widely used solution to this imputation problem is based on the lazy learning technique, $k$-nearest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-26 Arkopal Choudhury , Michael R. Kosorok

Sampled network data are widely used in empirical research because collecting complete network information is costly. However, empirical analyses based on sampled networks may lead to biased estimators. We propose a nonparametric imputation…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-12 Ge Sun , Weisheng Zhang

Missing data arises when certain values are not recorded or observed for variables of interest. However, most of the statistical theory assume complete data availability. To address incomplete databases, one approach is to fill the gaps…

The problem of missing data, usually absent incurated and competition-standard datasets, is an unfortunate reality for most machine learning models used in industry applications. Recent work has focused on understanding the nature and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Spyridon Mouselinos , Kyriakos Polymenakos , Antonis Nikitakis , Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos

Missing data are present in most real world problems and need careful handling to preserve the prediction accuracy and statistical consistency in the downstream analysis. As the gold standard of handling missing data, multiple imputation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Zongyu Dai , Zhiqi Bu , Qi Long

We propose to learn latent graphical models when data have mixed variables and missing values. This model could be used for further data analysis, including regression, classification, ranking etc. It also could be used for imputing missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-17 Xiao Li , Jinzhu Jia , Yuan Yao

Nonmonotone missing data is a common problem in scientific studies. The conventional ignorability and missing-at-random (MAR) conditions are unlikely to hold for nonmonotone missing data and data analysis can be very challenging with few…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-07 Gang Cheng , Yen-Chi Chen , Maureen A. Smith , Ying-Qi Zhao

Many real-world datasets contain missing entries and mixed data types including categorical and ordered (e.g. continuous and ordinal) variables. Imputing the missing entries is necessary, since many data analysis pipelines require complete…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-14 Yuxuan Zhao , Alex Townsend , Madeleine Udell

The use of flexible machine-learning (ML) models to generate imputations of missing data within the framework of Multiple Imputation (MI) has recently gained traction, particularly in observational settings. For randomised controlled trials…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Mia S. Tackney , Jonathan W. Bartlett , Elizabeth Williamson , Kim May Lee

We use results from zero-error information theory to determine the set of non-injective functions through which a Markov chain can be projected without losing information. These lumping functions can be found by clique partitioning of a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Bernhard C. Geiger , Christoph Hofer-Temmel

Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) is increasingly used for doubly robust causal inference, but how missing data should be handled when using TMLE with data-adaptive approaches is unclear. Based on the Victorian Adolescent Health…

Constant (naive) imputation is still widely used in practice as this is a first easy-to-use technique to deal with missing data. Yet, this simple method could be expected to induce a large bias for prediction purposes, as the imputed input…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Alexis Ayme , Claire Boyer , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Erwan Scornet