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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is essential for modern data-driven applications that require efficient retrieval of top-k results from massive vector databases. Although existing graph-based ANNS algorithms achieve a high recall…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yang Shi , Yiping Sun , Jiaolong Du , Xiaocheng Zhong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Hu

For approximate nearest neighbor search, graph-based algorithms have shown to offer the best trade-off between accuracy and search time. We propose the Dynamic Exploration Graph (DEG) which significantly outperforms existing algorithms in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Nico Hezel , Kai Uwe Barthel , Konstantin Schall , Klaus Jung

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high-dimensional spaces finds extensive applications in databases, information retrieval, recommender systems, etc. While graph-based methods have emerged as the leading solution for ANNS due to…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jiancheng Ruan , Tingyang Chen , Renchi Yang , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is essential for various data-intensive applications, including recommendation systems, image retrieval, and machine learning. Scaling ANNS to handle billions of high-dimensional vectors on a…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Qian Xu , Feng Zhang , Chengxi Li , Lei Cao , Zheng Chen , Jidong Zhai , Xiaoyong Du

Given a vector dataset $\mathcal{X}$ and a query vector $\vec{x}_q$, graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) aims to build a graph index $G$ and approximately return vectors with minimum distances to $\vec{x}_q$ by searching…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiongkang Ni , Xiaoliang Xu , Yuxiang Wang , Can Li , Jiajie Yao , Shihai Xiao , Xuecang Zhang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Approximate $k$ nearest neighbor (AKNN) search in high-dimensional space is a foundational problem in vector databases with widespread applications. Among the numerous AKNN indexes, Proximity Graph-based indexes achieve state-of-the-art…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Liuchang Jing , Mingyu Yang , Lei Li , Jianbin Qin , Wei Wang

We present the first systematic investigation of graph reordering effects for graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on a GPU. While graph-based ANNS has become the dominant paradigm for modern AI applications, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yutaro Oguri , Mai Nishimura , Yusuke Matsui

We consider the fundamental problem of decomposing a large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem into smaller sub-problems. The goal is to partition the input points into neighborhood-preserving shards, so that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lars Gottesbüren , Laxman Dhulipala , Rajesh Jayaram , Jakub Lacki

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high dimensional space is essential in database and information retrieval. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in exploring efficient graph-based indices for the ANNS problem. Among…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Cong Fu , Changxu Wang , Deng Cai

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) constitutes an important operation in a multitude of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and pattern recognition. In the past decade, graph-based ANNS algorithms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Mengzhao Wang , Xiaoliang Xu , Qiang Yue , Yuxiang Wang

As data volumes grow while memory capacity remains limited, disk-resident graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) methods have become a practical alternative to memory-resident designs, shifting the bottleneck from computation to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaoyu Chen , Jinxiu Qu , Yitong Song , Shuhang Lu , Huiling Li , Minghui Jiang , Wei Zhou , Jianliang Xu , Xuanhe Zhou , Fan Wu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high-dimensional space is an essential operator in many online services, such as information retrieval and recommendation. Indices constructed by the state-of-the-art ANNS algorithms must be…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kun Yu , Jiabao Jin , Xiaoyao Zhong , Peng Cheng , Lei Chen , Zhitao Shen , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen , Xuemin Lin

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental and critical component in many applications, including recommendation systems and large language model-based applications. With the advancement of multimodal neural models, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Meng Chen , Kai Zhang , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , X. Sean Wang

On-disk graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for large-scale, high-dimensional vector retrieval, yet its performance is widely recognized to be limited by the prohibitive I/O costs. Interestingly, we observed…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Weijian Chen , Haotian Liu , Yangshen Deng , Long Xiang , Liang Huang , Bo Tang

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become a quintessential algorithmic problem for various other foundational data tasks for AI workloads. Graph-based ANNS indexes have superb empirical trade-offs in indexing cost, query…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ziyu Zhang , Yuanhao Wei , Joshua Engels , Julian Shun

Indices for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) are a basic component for information retrieval and widely used in database, search, recommendation and RAG systems. In these scenarios, documents or other objects are inserted into and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Haike Xu , Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Philip A. Bernstein , Badrish Chandramouli , Richard Wen , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) on GPUs is gaining increasing popularity for modern retrieval and recommendation workloads that operate over massive high-dimensional vectors. Graph-based indexes deliver high recall and throughput…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jifan Shi , Jianyang Gao , James Xia , Tamás Béla Fehér , Cheng Long