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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in high-resource languages like English, yet their effectiveness in low-resource and morphologically rich languages remains underexplored. In this paper, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengxuan Xia , Qianye Wu , Hongbin Guan , Sixuan Tian , Yilun Hao , Xiaoyu Wu

Known by more than 1.5 billion people in the Indian subcontinent, Indic languages present unique challenges and opportunities for natural language processing (NLP) research due to their rich cultural heritage, linguistic diversity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sankalp KJ , Ashutosh Kumar , Laxmaan Balaji , Nikunj Kotecha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Sreyoshi Bhaduri

Accurate detection of offensive language is essential for a number of applications related to social media safety. There is a sharp contrast in performance in this task between low and high-resource languages. In this paper, we adapt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Shanilka Haturusinghe , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Marcos Zampieri , Christopher M. Homan , S. R. Liyanage

Language models have made significant advancements in understanding and generating human language, achieving remarkable success in various applications. However, evaluating these models remains a challenge, particularly for resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 M. Ali Bayram , Ali Arda Fincan , Ahmet Semih Gümüş , Banu Diri , Savaş Yıldırım , Öner Aytaş

Language models (LMs) are capable of acquiring elements of human-like syntactic knowledge. Targeted syntactic evaluation tests have been employed to measure how well they form generalizations about syntactic phenomena in high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Daria Kryvosheieva , Roger Levy

Recent large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in handling long contexts, some exhibiting near-perfect recall on synthetic retrieval tasks. However, these evaluations have mainly focused on English text and involved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ameeta Agrawal , Andy Dang , Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Rhitabrat Pokharel , Russell Scheinberg

While large language models excel on high-resource multilingual tasks, low- and extremely low-resource Indic languages remain severely under-evaluated. We present IndicParam, a human-curated benchmark of over 13,000 multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ayush Maheshwari , Kaushal Sharma , Vivek Patel , Aditya Maheshwari

We present TMMLU+, a new benchmark designed for Traditional Chinese language understanding. TMMLU+ is a multi-choice question-answering dataset with 66 subjects from elementary to professional level. It is six times larger and boasts a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Zhi-Rui Tam , Ya-Ting Pai , Yen-Wei Lee , Jun-Da Chen , Wei-Min Chu , Sega Cheng , Hong-Han Shuai

Although large language models (LLMs) are often pre-trained on large-scale multilingual texts, their reasoning abilities and real-world knowledge are mainly evaluated based on English datasets. Assessing LLM capabilities beyond English is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Fajri Koto , Nurul Aisyah , Haonan Li , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Vishwajeet kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen , Ashish Mittal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) are now used worldwide, yet their multimodal understanding and reasoning often degrade outside Western, high-resource settings. We propose MMA-ASIA, a comprehensive framework to evaluate LLMs' cultural awareness…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, yet significant disparities remain for non-English languages, and especially native African languages. This paper addresses these disparities by creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tuka Alhanai , Adam Kasumovic , Mohammad Ghassemi , Aven Zitzelberger , Jessica Lundin , Guillaume Chabot-Couture

Text Simplification is a task that has been minimally explored for low-resource languages. Consequently, there are only a few manually curated datasets. In this paper, we present a human curated sentence-level text simplification dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Surangika Ranathunga , Rumesh Sirithunga , Himashi Rathnayake , Lahiru De Silva , Thamindu Aluthwala , Saman Peramuna , Ravi Shekhar

Large language models have been widely evaluated on tasks such as comprehension, summarization, code generation, etc. However, their performance on graduate-level, culturally grounded questions in the Indian context remains largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ayush Maheshwari , Kaushal Sharma , Vivek Patel , Aditya Maheshwari

Due to the high impact of the fast-evolving fields of machine learning and deep learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks have further obtained comprehensive performances for highly resourced languages such as English and Chinese.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Lahiru Senevirathne , Piyumal Demotte , Binod Karunanayake , Udyogi Munasinghe , Surangika Ranathunga

We introduce BURMESE-SAN, the first holistic benchmark that systematically evaluates large language models (LLMs) for Burmese across three core NLP competencies: understanding (NLU), reasoning (NLR), and generation (NLG). BURMESE-SAN…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Thura Aung , Jann Railey Montalan , Jian Gang Ngui , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

Multimodal language analysis is a rapidly evolving field that leverages multiple modalities to enhance the understanding of high-level semantics underlying human conversational utterances. Despite its significance, little research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Hanlei Zhang , Zhuohang Li , Yeshuang Zhu , Hua Xu , Peiwu Wang , Haige Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jinchao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) often lack culture-specific knowledge of daily life, especially across diverse regions and non-English languages. Existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs' cultural sensitivities are limited to a single language…

While multilingual language models (MLMs) have been trained on 100+ languages, they are typically only evaluated across a handful of them due to a lack of available test data in most languages. This is particularly problematic when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rochelle Choenni , Sara Rajaee , Christof Monz , Ekaterina Shutova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code understanding and generation. However, their effectiveness on non-code Software Engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. We present 'Software Engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fabian C. Peña , Steffen Herbold