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Outsourcing decision tree inference services to the cloud is highly beneficial, yet raises critical privacy concerns on the proprietary decision tree of the model provider and the private input data of the client. In this paper, we design,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Yifeng Zheng , Cong Wang , Ruochen Wang , Huayi Duan , Surya Nepal

Speculative decoding has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of large language models while maintaining a consistent sampling distribution. However, the conventional approach of training a separate draft model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Fangcheng Liu , Yehui Tang , Zhenhua Liu , Yunsheng Ni , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Data privacy concerns often prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning services for sensitive personal data. While homomorphic encryption (HE) offers a potential solution by enabling computations on encrypted data, the challenge is to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Kanthi Sarpatwar , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , James Rayfield , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sharath Pankanti , Roman Vaculin

The vast storage capacity and computational power of cloud servers have led to the widespread outsourcing of machine learning inference services. While offering significant operational benefits, this practice also introduces privacy risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shuai Yuan , Hongwei Li , Xinyuan Qian , Guowen Xu

A decision tree is an easy-to-understand tool that has been widely used for classification tasks. On the one hand, due to privacy concerns, there has been an urgent need to create privacy-preserving classifiers that conceal the user's input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Andrew Quijano , Spyros T. Halkidis , Kevin Gallagher , Kemal Akkaya , Nikolaos Samaras

Decision trees are interpretable models that are well-suited to non-linear learning problems. Much work has been done on extending decision tree learning algorithms with differential privacy, a system that guarantees the privacy of samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Daniël Vos , Jelle Vos , Tianyu Li , Zekeriya Erkin , Sicco Verwer

Decision trees are a powerful prediction model with many applications in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. In some settings, the model and the data to be classified may contain sensitive information belonging to different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Anselme Tueno , Yordan Boev , Florian Kerschbaum

As machine learning as a service continues gaining popularity, concerns about privacy and intellectual property arise. Users often hesitate to disclose their private information to obtain a service, while service providers aim to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Rasoul Akhavan Mahdavi , Haoyan Ni , Dimitry Linkov , Florian Kerschbaum

Gradient boosting decision forests, used by XGBoost or AdaBoost, offer higher accuracy and lower training times than decision trees for large datasets. Protocols for private inference over decision trees can be used to preserve the privacy…

Decision tree (DT) is a widely used machine learning model due to its versatility, speed, and interpretability. However, for privacy-sensitive applications, outsourcing DT training and inference to cloud platforms raise concerns about data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Qifan Wang , Shujie Cui , Lei Zhou , Ye Dong , Jianli Bai , Yun Sing Koh , Giovanni Russello

As Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference becomes increasingly prevalent on edge and mobile platforms, critical challenges emerge in privacy protection, resource constraints, and dynamic model deployment. This paper proposes a privacy-aware…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hong Wang , Xuwei Fan , Zhipeng Cheng , Yachao Yuan , Minghui Min , Minghui Liwang , Xiaoyu Xia

Applying machine learning algorithms to private data, such as financial or medical data, while preserving their confidentiality, is a difficult task. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is acknowledged for its ability to allow computation on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Daniel Huynh

As the application of deep learning continues to grow, so does the amount of data used to make predictions. While traditionally, big-data deep learning was constrained by computing performance and off-chip memory bandwidth, a new constraint…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Brandon Reagen , Wooseok Choi , Yeongil Ko , Vincent Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , David Brooks

Privacy is important when dealing with sensitive personal information in machine learning models, which require large data sets for training. In the energy field, access to household prosumer energy data is crucial for energy predictions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Viorica Chifu , Tudor Cioara , Cristian Anitiei , Cristina Pop , Ionut Anghel

As machine learning as a service (MLaaS) gains increasing popularity, it raises two critical challenges: privacy and verifiability. For privacy, clients are reluctant to disclose sensitive private information to access MLaaS, while model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jinyuan Li , Liang Feng Zhang

The protection of sensitive data becomes more vital, as data increases in value and potency. Furthermore, the pressure increases from regulators and society on model developers to make their Artificial Intelligence (AI) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Florian van der Steen , Fré Vink , Heysem Kaya

Privacy-preserving computation enables language model inference directly on encrypted data yet suffers from prohibitive latency and communication overheads, primarily due to nonlinear functions. Removing nonlinearities, however, can trigger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nandan Kumar Jha , Brandon Reagen

We introduce a refined differentially private (DP) data structure for kernel density estimation (KDE), offering not only improved privacy-utility tradeoff but also better efficiency over prior results. Specifically, we study the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Erzhi Liu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Alex Reneau , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Large scale deep learning model, such as modern language models and diffusion architectures, have revolutionized applications ranging from natural language processing to computer vision. However, their deployment in distributed or…

When neural network model and data are outsourced to cloud server for inference, it is desired to preserve the confidentiality of model and data as the involved parties (i.e., cloud server, model providing client and data providing client)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Pinglan Liu , Wensheng Zhang
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