Related papers: Steels and Stainless Steels
Manufacturing of superconducting magnet for accelerators is a quite complex process that is not yet fully industrialized. In this paper, after a short history of the evolution of the magnet design and construction, we review the main…
The combination of theory and simulation is necessary in the investigation of properties of complex systems where each method alone cannot do the task properly. Theory needs simulation to test ideas and to check approximations. Simulation…
This paper introduces the requirements for power converters needed for particle accelerators. It describes the role of power converters and the challenges and constraints when powering magnets. The different circuit layouts are presented as…
Particle acceleration in microstructures driven by ultrafast solid state lasers is a rapidly evolving area of advanced accelerator research, leading to a variety of concepts based on planar-symmetric dielectric gratings, hollow core fibers,…
Scintillating crystals are used for calorimetry in several high-energy physics experiments. For some of them, performance has to be ensured in difficult operating conditions, like a high radiation environment, very large particle fluxes and…
In superconductors, the motion of vortices introduces unwanted dissipation that is disruptive to applications. Fortunately, material defects can immobilize vortices, acting as vortex pinning centers, which engenders dramatic improvements in…
High-temperature alloy design requires a concurrent consideration of multiple mechanisms at different length scales. We propose a workflow that couples highly relevant physics into machine learning (ML) to predict properties of complex…
In this paper we report a detailed investigation of a number of different materials commonly used in precision instrumentation in the view of using them as critical components in the magnetic gradiometer. The materials requirement inside a…
This course introduces key aspects of superconducting magnet technology in accelerators: basic principles, superconducting materials (NbTi, Nb$_3$Sn, ReBCO), wire and cable architectures, and fabrication methods. Compared to copper or…
The European HiPER project aims to demonstrate commercial viability of inertial fusion energy within the following two decades. This goal requires an extensive Research & Development program on materials for different applications (e.g.,…
The effective and reliable operation of particle accelerator machines is strongly related to obtaining and keeping the required ultra-high vacuum level. This paper briefly presents some generic requirements to take in consideration for…
This study explores the transformative potential of nanocatalysts, emphasizing their pivotal role in catalysis and material science. Key synthesis techniques, including chemical reduction and hybrid methods, are highlighted for their…
Architected materials achieve unique mechanical properties through precisely engineered microstructures that minimize material usage. However, a key challenge of low-density materials is balancing high stiffness with stable deformability up…
The study of plasma physics under conditions of extreme temperatures, densities and electromagnetic field strengths is significant for our understanding of astrophysics, nuclear fusion and fundamental physics. These extreme physical systems…
Superfunctional materials are defined as materials with specific properties being superior to the functions of engineering materials. Numerous studies introduced severe plastic deformation (SPD) as an effective process to improve the…
Tunneling spectroscopy played a central role in the experimental verification of the microscopic theory of superconductivity in the classical superconductors. Initial attempts to apply the same approach to high-temperature superconductors…
Metals form an essential part of the Universe at all scales. Without metals we would not exist, and the Cosmos would look completely different. Metals are primarily born through nuclear processes in stars. They leave their cradles through…
The response of metals and their microstructures under extreme dynamic conditions can be markedly different from that under quasistatic conditions. Traditionally, high strain rates and shock stresses are measured using cumbersome and…
Modern precision manufacturing faces the challenge of integrating accuracy requirements into a framework of agile and sustainable production technologies. This development leads to numerous further challenges, affecting almost all areas of…
Dense suspensions of particles are relevant to many applications and are a key platform for developing a fundamental physics of out-of-equilibrium systems. They present challenging flow properties, apparently turning from liquid to solid…